第35届中国化学奥林匹克(初赛)试题解析——以有机化学部分第9、10题为例

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202210022

Abstract

Abstract:

The article discussed organic chemistry problems 9 and 10 in the 35th National Chemistry Olympiad Competition (Preliminary) in detail from the perspective of the fundamental theories and reaction mechanisms. The scientific backgrounds and theoretical knowledge associated with the problems were expanded to arouse the curiosity of readers in exploring chemistry..

Key words: Organic chemistry, Chemistry Olympiad, Nucleophilic substitution, Rearrangement reaction, Stereochemistry

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Mingan Yang, Jun Li, Minsi Wu, Xiting Zhang. Analysis of Problems 9 and 10 of the Organic Chemistry in the 35th National Chemistry Olympiad Competition (Preliminary)[J].University Chemistry, 2023, 38(8): 341-350.

Figures/Tables 14

References 29

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题号	涉及知识点	难度指数
9-1	亲核取代反应；亲核加成反应；离去基团；消除反应；分子内重排反应；水解反应	++++
9-2	[3,3]-σ迁移：Claisen重排反应；周环反应：Alder-ene反应；环状过渡态中间体；立体化学	+++++
9-3	核磁共振波谱：化学环境、化学位移；S_N2反应；环戊二烯负离子的芳香性；分子内关环；环丙基的电子效应	+++
10-1	共振论	+
10-2-1	端基效应；电负性；基团的离去能力	++
10-2-2	端基效应；电子效应；离去基团；离子的稳定性	++
10-3	自由基反应；氮宾；加成-消除反应；亲核取代反应；离去基团	+++++
10-4-1	Dyotropic重排反应；环张力；基团的迁移；立体化学：R、S构型	++
10-4-2	Dyotropic重排反应；环张力；基团的迁移；分子轨道；立体化学：R、S构型、构象	+++
10-4-3	Dyotropic重排反应；基团的迁移；转金属化反应；水解反应；立体化学	+++++
10-4-4	Dyotropic重排反应；基团的迁移；还原消除反应；立体化学：R、S构型、非对映选择性	++

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Analysis of Problems 9 and 10 of the Organic Chemistry in the 35th National Chemistry Olympiad Competition (Preliminary)

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