大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (3): 208-215.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507034

所属专题： 化学实验标准与规范建设

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水热、溶剂热合成及其操作规范建议

胡敏1, 李银环1, 白艳红1, 任艳平2, 宋娟娟3, 范永仙4, 刘冬成5, 曾秀琼6, 赵发琼7, 章文伟8, 石梅9, 李婉10, 王秀云11, 李维红12, 邱晓航13, 范勇14, 张剑荣8, 张树永15   

  1. 1 西安交通大学化学学院, 西安 710049;
    2 厦门大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(厦门大学), 福建 厦门 361005;
    3 内蒙古民族大学化学与材料学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(内蒙古民族大学), 内蒙古 通辽 028000;
    4 浙江工业大学化学工程学院, 化学化工国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江工业大学), 杭州 310014;
    5 广西师范大学化学与药学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(广西师范大学), 广西 桂林 541004;
    6 浙江大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江大学), 杭州 310058;
    7 武汉大学化学与分子科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(武汉大学), 武汉 430072;
    8 南京大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南京大学), 南京 210023;
    9 复旦大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(复旦大学), 上海 200433;
    10 中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(中国科学技术大学), 合肥 230026;
    11 大连理工大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(大连理工大学), 辽宁 大连 116024;
    12 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京大学), 北京 100871;
    13 南开大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南开大学), 天津 300071;
    14 吉林大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(吉林大学), 长春 130012;
    15 山东大学化学与化工学院, 济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-03 录用日期:2025-07-21 发布日期:2026-03-24
  • 通讯作者: 任艳平, 张剑荣, 张树永 E-mail:ypren@xmu.edu.cn;jrzhang@nju.edu.cn;syzhang@sdu.edu.cn Yanping Ren, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang
  • 基金资助:
    教育部虚拟教研室建设试点项目；教育部高校教师教学组织和教学发展体系建设研究项目

Suggestions on the Method of Hydrothermal-Solventthermal Synthesis and Their Operation Standards

Min Hu1, Yinghuan Li1, Yanhong Bai1, Yanping Ren2, Juanjuan Song3, Yongxian Fan4, Dongcheng Liu5, Xiuqiong Zeng6, Faqiong Zhao7, Wenwei Zhang8, Mei Shi9, Wan Li10, Xiuyun Wang11, Weihong Li12, Xiaohang Qiu13, Yong Fan14, Jianrong Zhang8, Shuyong Zhang15   

  1. 1 School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China;
    2 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Xiamen University), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China;
    3 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Inner Mongolia Minzu University), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China;
    4 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education (Zhejiang University of Technology), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
    5 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Guangxi Normal University), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China;
    6 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Zhejiang University), Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    7 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Wuhan University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    8 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nanjing University), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
    9 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Fudan University), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
    10 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    11 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Dalian University of Technology), School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China;
    12 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Peking University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    13 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nankai University), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
    14 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Jilin University), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
    15 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
  • Received:2025-07-03 Accepted:2025-07-21 Published:2026-03-24
  • Contact: Yanping Ren, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang E-mail:ypren@xmu.edu.cn;jrzhang@nju.edu.cn;syzhang@sdu.edu.cn

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摘要： 水热、溶剂热合成是无机合成中的一类重要方法，特别在晶体合成、纳米材料制备中具有特殊地位。规范地进行水热、溶剂热合成有利于提高化学合成的成功率、减少试剂浪费、延长仪器使用寿命及降低事故风险。本文简要介绍260 °C以下水热反应的原理和适用对象，重点说明实验室最常用于水热合成的外加热型高压反应釜的使用流程、操作要点及其注意事项，提出水热合成的基本操作规范建议，为国内同行和相关学生开展水热合成实验教学和科研实践提供参考。

关键词: 化学实验, 水热、溶剂热合成, 高压釜, 操作规范

Abstract: Hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis are crucial synthetic techniques, holding particular significance in crystal synthesis and nanomaterial preparation. Conducting hydrothermal-solvothermal synthesis in a standardized manner can enhance the success rate of chemical synthesis, reduce the waste of reagents, prolong the service life of equipment, and lower the risk of accidents. This article mainly introduces the most commonly used external heating autoclave in laboratories, the principles and applicable objects of hydrothermal reactions below 260 °C, as well as the basic operation points and precautions. It also proposes basic operation norms for hydrothermal synthesis to provide a reference for colleagues conducting experimental teaching.

Key words: Chemical experiment, Hydrothermal-solvothermal synthesis, Autoclave, Operation standards