以解决实际问题为导向的物理化学教学模式探索

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202203063

Abstract

Xiujun Zheng. Exploration on the Teaching Mode of Physical Chemistry Oriented to Solving Practical Problems[J].University Chemistry, 2023, 38(2): 10-14.

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References 10

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第一部分	第二部分	第三部分
液体饱和蒸汽压p^*；液体沸点T_bp；理想气体状态方程；Gibbs判断内容；化学势判断；热力学基本方程；可逆相变过程的熵变；可逆相变过程的焓变	学习目标： $ \frac{\mathrm{d} p}{\mathrm{d} T}=\frac{\Delta H_{\mathrm{m}}^}{T \Delta V_{\mathrm{m}}^} $ $ \frac{\mathrm{d} \ln p}{\mathrm{d} T}=\frac{\Delta_{\mathrm{vap}} H_{\mathrm{m}}}{R T^2} $ $ p_2-p_1=\frac{\Delta_{\mathrm{fus}} H_{\mathrm{m}}}{\Delta_{\mathrm{fus}} V_{\mathrm{m}}} \frac{\left(T_2-\mathrm{T}_1\right)}{T_1} $ $ \ln \frac{p_2}{p_1}=\frac{\Delta_{\mathrm{vap}} H_{\mathrm{m}}}{R}\left(\frac{1}{T_1}-\frac{1}{T_2}\right) $ $ \ln \frac{p_2}{p_1}=\frac{\Delta_{\mathrm{sub}} H_{\mathrm{m}}}{R}\left(\frac{1}{T_1}-\frac{1}{T_2}\right) $ 重点： 1、克拉佩龙方程；2、克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程难点： 1、克拉佩龙方程的推导过程；2、克拉佩龙方程用于固-液两相平衡；3、克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程的应用条件	1、克拉佩龙方程适用条件是什么？ 2、为什么冰的熔点随着压力的增大而降低？ 3、已知饱和蒸汽压，如何计算纯液体沸点？ 4、克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程适用条件是什么？ 5、本节提出的4个问题是如何解决的？

小组讨论内容	知识点
为什么冰的熔点随着压力的增大而降低？为什么冬天松花江中的鱼没有被冻死？为什么穿上冰刀后滑冰会那么顺畅、快速?	$ \frac{\mathrm{d} p}{\mathrm{~d} T}=\frac{\Delta H_{\mathrm{m}}^}{T \Delta V_{\mathrm{m}}^} $
计算−0.5 ℃时，欲使冰熔化所需施加的最小压力？已知ρ(冰) = 0.9168 g∙cm⁻³；ρ(水) = 0.9998 g∙cm⁻³；，冰的熔化焓Δ_fusH = 333.5 J∙g⁻¹	$ p_2-p_1=\frac{\Delta_{\mathrm{fus}} H_{\mathrm{m}}}{\Delta_{\mathrm{fus}} V_{\mathrm{m}}} \frac{\left(T_2-T_1\right)}{T_1} $
西藏某地区大气压为78.5 kPa，则该地区水的沸点为多少？做饭用的高压锅内允许的最高压力0.23 MPa，计算水在压力锅内所能达到的最高温度？已知101.325 kPa，100 ℃，Δ_vapH_m^* = 40.668 kJ∙mol⁻¹	$ \ln \frac{p_2}{p_1}=\frac{\Delta_{\mathrm{vap}} H_{\mathrm{m}}}{R}\left(\frac{1}{T_1}-\frac{1}{T_2}\right) $

教学环节	课程导入	小组讨论	小组展示讨论结果	教师评价小组结果	组内总结	小组反馈组内总结	教师重点讲授	预习单第三部分
各环节时间分配/min	2	1 × 4 ^a	0.5 × 4 ^b	1 × 4 ^c	1 × 4 ^d	0.5 × 4 ^e	22	5
总计时间/min	2	4	2	4	4	2	22	5

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Exploration on the Teaching Mode of Physical Chemistry Oriented to Solving Practical Problems

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