“三段式”科普思政——化学科普思政建设的探索与实践

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202209002

Abstract

Abstract:

With the Outline of the Action Plan for the Scientific Quality of the Whole People (2021–2035) and the "double reduction" policy, the popular science education of primary and middle school students has gradually received attention of the public. At the same time, the Party and the State also have new requirements for the ideological and political training of young people. In this case, the combination of popular science work and curriculum ideological and political work is a good way of education. In the exploration and practice of the integration of chemical science popularization and curriculum ideology and politics, we try to summarize the "three-stage style" in the ideological and political construction of science popularization. This article will take the popular science exhibition course "a spark starts a prairie fire" as an example, and use the popular science "three-stage style" from the simple to the deep. This paper analyzes and discusses the process of integrating ideological and political education into popular science curriculum for teenagers.

Qingqing Lin, Liuhong Song, Jiayuan Zhao, Junlong Zhao. The "Three-Stage Style" of Popularization of Science: Exploration and Practice of the Ideological and Political Construction of Popularization of Chemistry[J].University Chemistry, 2023, 38(7): 250-257.

Figures/Tables 10

References 10

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选题来源	课程名称	主要内容	实验安排
实验室蓝色的变色硅胶	潮湿环境救星	生活中常见干燥剂的认识、干燥剂干燥原理探究、不同种干燥剂适用范围探究	探究氯化钙和生石灰干燥剂的干燥原理、检测吸水树脂的吸水含量、探究变色硅胶的变色原理、制作检测天气变化的晴雨花
暖宝宝为什么会发热？	让世界温暖的秘密	探究暖宝宝、自热包的发热材料，了解暖宝宝、自热包的发热原理	了解自热火锅包的发热原理、体会过饱和醋酸钠的结晶放热过程、分析暖宝宝中的化学成分、复刻暖宝宝的制作过程
夏天的降温冰袋	科学降温大作战	认识降低温度的基本手段，利用不同原理、不同种物质制作冰袋，并探究其降温效率，尝试研究冰袋制作的优良配方	认识三态转换时的热量变化、了解吸水树脂冰袋的降温原理、探究物质在溶解过程中的吸放热变化、自制一次性降温冰袋
动画《名侦探柯南》	侦探的十八般武艺	探索“柯”学中的奥秘，巧寻指纹血迹，破诡计，识真相	了解指纹中的不同成分、学习几种常见的指纹提取方法、认识鲁米诺溶液检测血迹的反应原理、感受鲁米诺制造出的蓝色荧光“海”
	……	……	……

	科普要点	内容简述	传达思政观点与思想
明线	火药的发现与烟花的诞生	火药是由古代炼丹师发明的，从战国至汉初，帝王贵族们沉醉做神仙并怀有长生不老的幻想，驱使一些方士与道士炼“仙丹”，在炼制过程中逐渐研究出了火药的配方。后来，火药在宋代又变身成了绚丽多彩的烟花	点明科学在发展的过程中，不受人类的意志影响，实际结果可能会与初衷背道而行的客观规律帮助学生树立敢于探索、善于发现的科学态度，并学会用辩证的思维看待问题
明线	中国人航天梦发展的历史进程	以万户飞天的故事作为引入，从古代人飞向天空的“飞天梦”引申到如今现代人翱翔宇宙的“航天梦”，讲述中国航天事业的发展历程以及航天事业对我们国家的意义所在，传递航天精神	激发学生对科学的兴趣，培养创新意识和创新能力，弘扬航天精神，增强青少年的爱国情怀、树立航天报国志向与此同时，从“飞天梦”到“航天梦”的转变，还说明了人类对世界的认知和探索也是在不断前进、不断发展的

	科普要点	内容简述	传达思政观点与思想
暗线	我国的四大发明	中国是最早发明火药的国家，在隋朝时期有了硫磺、硝石、木炭组合的火药	激发学生的爱国主义情怀，增强民族自豪感，树立文化自信
	诺贝尔与硝化甘油的故事	诺贝尔以制作稳定的硝化甘油炸药而发家，他深知其威力。于此同时，硝化甘油被威廉∙默雷尔医生制成了可以用来治疗心脏病的硝酸甘油片。而诺贝尔晚年患有心脏病，医生给他开的药就是硝酸甘油，但他因为这么多年对硝酸甘油的了解，婉拒了医生的建议	引导学生思考科学中的两面性，辩证地看待问题
	鬼火背后的化学原理	鬼火的出现源于磷化氢的燃烧。人死亡后，人体中的磷元素转化成磷化氢气体，磷化氢的燃点很低，可以自燃	引导学生相信科学，破除封建迷信
	……	……	……

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The "Three-Stage Style" of Popularization of Science: Exploration and Practice of the Ideological and Political Construction of Popularization of Chemistry

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