University Chemistry ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 76-83.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202504015

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Standardized Operational Guidelines for Sublimation in Organic Chemistry Experiments

Chengshan Yuan1, Zhanxiang Liu2, Xin Du3, Jie Han4, Yuan Zheng5, Ying Xiong6, Qingwen Liu7, Guangao Yu8, Lin Wu9, Shuanglian Cai10, Xingwen Sun11, Qihan Zhang12, Houjin Li13, Jianrong Zhang9, Shuyong Zhang14   

  1. 1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry (Lanzhou University), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry (Zhejiang University), Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    3 School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China;
    4 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nankai University), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
    5 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    6 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Wuhan University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    7 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Jilin University), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
    8 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;
    9 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nanjing University), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
    10 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
    11 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry (Fudan University), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
    12 China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Peking University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    13 School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
    14 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
  • Received:2025-04-01 Revised:2025-04-06 Published:2025-05-21
  • Contact: Chengshan Yuan, Houjin Li E-mail:yuancs@lzu.edu.cn;ceslhj@mail.sysu.edu.cn

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Abstract: Sublimation is an important technique for the separation and purification of solid substances, widely used in the refinement of natural products and synthetic compounds. Due to differences in experimental content, conditions, and procedural descriptions in textbooks, experimenters often encounter non-standardized operations during sublimation experiments, leading to insufficient product purity, reduced yields, significant deviations in experimental results, and even safety hazards. Based on experience in organic chemistry laboratory teaching and scientific research practice, this paper systematically analyzes the applicable scope and key operational points of both atmospheric and vacuum sublimation. Furthermore, standardized operational recommendations are proposed to ensure the safety, efficiency, and reproducibility of experiments, providing a valuable reference for researchers in the field.

Key words: Organic chemistry experiment, Sublimation, Standardized operational guideline