University Chemistry ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 106-121.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202503079

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Basic Operations and Specification Suggestions for Determination of Physical Constants of Organic Compounds

Ying Xiong1, Guangao Yu2, Lin Wu3, Qingwen Liu4, Houjin Li5, Shuanglian Cai6, Zhanxiang Liu7, Xingwen Sun8, Yuan Zheng9, Jie Han10, Xin Du11, Chengshan Yuan12, Qihan Zhang13, Jianrong Zhang3, Shuyong Zhang14   

  1. 1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Wuhan University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    2 National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Central China Normal University), College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;
    3 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nanjing University), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
    4 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Jilin University), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China;
    5 School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
    6 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
    7 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry (Zhejiang University), Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    8 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry (Fudan University), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
    9 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026, China;
    10 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nankai University), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
    11 School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China;
    12 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    13 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Peking University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    14 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
  • Received:2025-03-20 Revised:2025-04-17 Published:2025-05-21
  • Contact: Ying Xiong, Guangao Yu, Lin Wu, Qingwen Liu E-mail:yingxiong@whu.edu.cn;yuguang@mail.ccnu.edu.cn;wulin@nju.edu.cn;liuqw@jlu.edu.cn

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Abstract: Physical constants serve as crucial indicators for identifying organic compounds and assessing their purity, with their precise determination constituting a fundamental aspect of organic chemistry experimental education. This paper comprehensively examines the significance, underlying principles, standard methodologies, operational protocols, and experimental considerations associated with the determination of key physical constants, including melting point, boiling point, refractive index, and specific rotation. Additionally, it provides an overview of contemporary instrumental techniques employed in these measurements. The authors aim to offer valuable insights and practical guidance for chemistry educators and researchers engaged in experimental teaching and scientific investigation.

Key words: Organic chemistry experiment, Determination of physical constant, Operation standard