大学化学 >> 2026, Vol. 41 >> Issue (3): 99-109.doi: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202507038

所属专题： 化学实验标准与规范建设

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气体的发生、净化与收集操作规范建议

胡锴1, 刘海燕1, 黄驰1, 赵发琼1, 任艳平2, 王秀云3, 宋娟娟4, 范永仙5, 刘冬成6, 曾秀琼7, 李婉8, 章文伟9, 石梅10, 胡敏11, 李维红12, 邱晓航13, 范勇14, 张剑荣9, 张树永15   

  1. 1 武汉大学化学与分子科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(武汉大学), 武汉 430072;
    2 厦门大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(厦门大学), 福建 厦门 361005;
    3 大连理工大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(大连理工大学), 辽宁 大连 116024;
    4 内蒙古民族大学化学与材料学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(内蒙古民族大学), 内蒙古 通辽 028000;
    5 浙江工业大学化学工程学院, 化学化工国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江工业大学), 杭州 310014;
    6 广西师范大学化学与药学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(广西师范大学), 广西 桂林 541004;
    7 浙江大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(浙江大学), 杭州 310058;
    8 中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(中国科学技术大学), 合肥 230026;
    9 南京大学化学化工学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南京大学), 南京 210023;
    10 复旦大学化学系, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(复旦大学), 上海 200433;
    11 西安交通大学化学学院, 西安 710049;
    12 北京大学化学与分子工程学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京大学), 北京 100871;
    13 南开大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(南开大学), 天津 300071;
    14 吉林大学化学学院, 化学国家级实验教学示范中心(吉林大学), 长春 130012;
    15 山东大学化学与化工学院, 济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-03 录用日期:2025-07-21 发布日期:2026-03-24
  • 通讯作者: 赵发琼, 任艳平, 张剑荣, 张树永 E-mail:fqzhao@whu.edu.cn;ypren@xmu.edu.cn;jrzhang@nju.edu.cn;syzhang@sdu.edu.cn Faqiong Zhao, Yanping Ren, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang
  • 基金资助:
    教育部虚拟教研室建设试点项目；教育部高校教师教学组织和教学发展体系建设研究项目

Suggestions on Operating Specifications for Gas Generation, Purification, and Collection

Kai Hu1, Haiyan Liu1, Chi Huang1, Faqiong Zhao1, Yanping Ren2, Xiuyun Wang3, Juanjuan Song4, Yongxian Fan5, Dongcheng Liu6, Xiuqiong Zeng7, Wan Li8, Wenwei Zhang9, Mei Shi10, Min Hu11, Weihong Li12, Xiaohang Qiu13, Yong Fan14, Jianrong Zhang9, Shuyong Zhang15   

  1. 1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Wuhan University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    2 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Xiamen University), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China;
    3 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Dalian University of Technology), School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China;
    4 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Inner Mongolia Minzu University), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China;
    5 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education (Zhejiang University of Technology), College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
    6 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Guangxi Normal University), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China;
    7 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Zhejiang University), Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    8 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (University of Science and Technology of China), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
    9 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nanjing University), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
    10 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Fudan University), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
    11 School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China;
    12 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Peking University), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    13 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Nankai University), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
    14 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education (Jilin University), College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
    15 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
  • Received:2025-07-03 Accepted:2025-07-21 Published:2026-03-24
  • Contact: Faqiong Zhao, Yanping Ren, Jianrong Zhang, Shuyong Zhang E-mail:fqzhao@whu.edu.cn;ypren@xmu.edu.cn;jrzhang@nju.edu.cn;syzhang@sdu.edu.cn

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摘要： 气体制备与应用是基础化学实验的重要组成内容，其包含化学原理认知、装置搭建、条件优化、气密性检验、除杂、干燥、废气处置、安全风险评估等化学实验基础知识、基本操作技能及科学思维与素养。本文聚焦实验室气体的制备与纯化，并针对制备各环节提出规范操作建议，以期为中学和大学的基础化学实验教学和实践提供参考。

关键词: 化学实验, 气体发生, 气体净化, 气体收集, 尾气处理, 操作规范

Abstract: Gas preparation and application are important components of basic chemical experiments, which contains rich chemical experimental knowledge, basic operational skills, scientific thinking and literacy such as chemical principles understanding, device construction, condition optimization, airtightness testing, impurity removal, drying, waste gas disposal, safety risk assessment, and so on. This article focuses on the preparation and purifying of laboratory gases, and proposes standardized operational suggestions for each stage of gas preparation process, thus providing operation suggestions for basic chemistry experimental teaching and practice in middle schools and universities.

Key words: Chemical experiment, Gas generation, Gas purification, Gas collection, Tail gas treatment, Operating suggestions