In recent years, the use of mobile terminals such as smart phones is increasingly popular with the rapid development of the mobile Internet. The online learning and examination system of basic chemistry laboratory is designed and developed under the background of "Internet + education". The system can achieve five functions: chemical laboratory safety education and examination, theoretical learning and examination of basic chemistry laboratory, test database management, online examination on mobile terminal, score management and statistical analysis. The development and construction of this online system conforms to the development trend of "Internet + education", which is beneficial to both students' independent learning and examination resource saving.

Based on the questionnaire surveys from 306 undergraduates in 11 classes of chemistry major in the last three years, and the exploration and experience of practical teaching for chemistry major at Qingdao University of Science and Technology, a new integrating teaching model of graduation practice, graduation thesis and employment for chemistry major was constructed. The undergraduates can finish the graduation practice and thesis work in the enterprise, and those who perform well can be employed in the enterprise. The elective courses related to the enterprise are set up in the programme of talent cultivation. The double-position teachers in the construction of the teaching staff and the double supervisor in the practical teaching are explored. Through the deep enterprise-university cooperation, the highly skilled and innovative talents needed by society are cultivated, and the employment rate and the stability of employment are increased.

Using WeChat, three modules including before, during and after the lab class were established to assist in the analytical chemistry laboratory teaching, which expanded the time and space of laboratory teaching. Through WeChat interaction, the distance between teachers and students was brought closer, which stimulated the participation, enthusiasm and master consciousness of students. Using the comparative experiment method, the significant difference between the experimental class and the control class were analyzed. Taking the "measurement of hydrogen peroxide content" as an example, the average score of the experimental class (96.93) and the control class (86.73) presented significant difference with P < 0.01.

Taking the chemical equilibria including acid-base equilibrium, complexation equilibrium, precipitation equilibrium and redox equilibrium as an example, the application of the mind mapping combined with problem-based learning in university chemistry teaching is introduced.

In order to enhance the quality of chemistry experiment courses, online teaching resources have been established, such as operation videos and course lecture videos. Moreover, online pre-lab testing system and data submitting-grading system have been developed, a WeChat public platform has been built named after "Chemistry Experiment Teaching Center of ZJU". Through these resources and platform, a mixed online/offline teaching mode was practiced in recent years, some good education aims have been achieved.

In the teaching process of organic chemistry, ideological and political education is often ignored because of the importance of knowledge. In this paper, "Ideological and political" elements were dug deep and designed. The life of scientists can cultivate students' innovative spirit and scientific spirit and help them establish a correct outlook on life and values. The representative achievements of Chinese scientists are important materials for deepening the passion of the country. The humanism of scientific and technological help to inspire students' scientific interests. The knowledge system of the course cultivates students' scientific thinking and establishes a strict scientific attitude. Both aims of "teaching" and "education" could be realized in higher education through integration of the ideological and political education with the content.

Organic chemistry is an important basic course for biology-majored students. Starting from the perspective of stimulating students' interest in learning, breaking through the key and difficult points, and realizing the course education, this paper proposes that teachers should combine the characteristics of biology discipline, strengthen the chemical cognition of biologically functional molecules or biomass components, and promote the cultivation of students' interdisciplinary integration consciousness. At the same time, this paper explores the teaching reform of organic chemistry for biology-majored students so as to lay a foundation for cultivating interdisciplinary talents with comprehensive innovation ability.

This paper introduced the methods and characteristics of the undergraduate education in chemistry at The College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University. The college sticks to the student-oriented education concept, arises the "one line, two wings and four systems" talents education mode, and constructed a complete and tightly connected undergraduate student management system. As well, the "3 + 1" segmented talents cultivation was performed to guide the students to follow the personalized individuation development. Through the construction of the talents education mode and implement of the comprehensive education reform, the current education system has met the requirement of discipline development with characteristics and the diversified talents education, and made considerable achievements.

Combining the teaching and learning actuality of organic chemistry experiment in Yuxi Normal University, the blended teaching reform based on rain classroom was introduced in this paper. The influence of mixed teaching mode on teaching and learning was discussed from the changes of teacher's teaching, student's learning and evaluation mode. The flip of traditional classroom and the change of roles of teachers and students was realized by the Online and offline teaching mode. The extraction of caffeine from tea was applied to expound the specific application of hybrid teaching in experimental teaching. The practice proved that mixed teaching helped students to improve self-learning ability, innovation and entrepreneurship and comprehensive applied ability.

This paper expounds the importance of logical thinking in the teaching of analytical chemistry and shows the internal logical relationship of the knowledge of analytical chemistry. Based on the logical relationship, the teaching design of the main content of analytical chemistry is carried out. In teaching practice, twice as much can be accomplished with half the effort with deep thinking and effective use of the progressive logical relationship inside and between chapters, and focusing on combing the main line of knowledge points. Then, the teaching difficulty can be effectively reduced and the students' learning interest and the teaching effect can be improved. At the same time, the rigorous logical thinking ability and scientific research innovation consciousness of the students can be trained.

General course education is an important way to cultivate innovative talents with comprehensive development of morality, intelligence, physical and aesthetic and broad basic knowledge. As a central, practical and creative subject, chemistry plays an indispensible role in the general education system to develop the comprehensive quality and innovation ability of students. This paper summarizes the teaching practice and characteristic feature of the general education course "Chemistry in Our Lives" offered by the author, aiming to further improve the teaching quality and achieve better teaching effect.

The direct oxidative C(sp³)-H functionalization reaction has long been considered as one of the most efficient and straightforward synthetic protocol for the construction of C-C bonds. Recently, the synthesis of substituted quinolines via C(sp³)-H functionalization of glycine derivatives has gained widespread attention from the chemists. Recent progresses on the C(sp³)-H functionalization of glycine derivatives and their applications in the synthesis of substituted quinolines are described in this paper. The aims are to broaden students' vision and stimulate their interest in scientific research through the introduction of innovative scientific research.

This study reports a comprehensive physical chemistry experiment including MCM-41 synthesis, characterization and adsorption performance. The adsorption processes of methylene blue on MCM-41were measured and analyzed according to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. This comprehensive experiment could help the students understand the structure-property relationship and adsorption processes on solid surfaces.

Simultaneous determination of vitamin C and vitamin E by spectrophotometry is a typical experiment of simultaneous determination of multiple components. However, the current experimental method has a large relative error (13.7%) in the determination of vitamin C. In this paper, according to the molecular structural characteristics of vitamin C and vitamin E, we studied the factors affecting the measurement accuracy of vitamin C and improve the experimental method by optimization pf design, and the error is reduced to 1.98%. Results proved that the improved method achieved higher accuracy, better reproducibility, more reliable results and better teaching responses. Through this designed experiment, the students are guided from many aspects such as aiming at practical problems and using theoretical knowledge to optimize the experimental scheme, therefore their comprehensive innovation abilities are improved.

By using light sensors of the cellphone, we build a simple photometer which can be used in quantitative analysis experiments. We have performed 5 replicate measurements of iron with phenanthroline to verify reproducibility and stability. We find the absorbance of the sample has a good linear relationship with the concentrations of iron with a R² value around 0.999 and the RSD of 2.81%. The result is 4.94 μg·mL^-1 with spectrophotometer and 5.11 μg·mL^-1 with our photometer. The photometer is simple, convenient, accurate and realistic by using a phone as detector, which can replace the traditional spectrophotometer in the laboratory class. The students can enhance their understanding of the structure and principle of spectrophotometer by the DIY photometer experiment.

Taking the experiment of the "identification of Co²⁺" as an example, this article elaborates the flexible application of "flipped classroom" model in the chemical laboratory teaching. Specifically, students do the experiment first and have questions during the experimental process, then the teacher discusses and demonstrates with students base on their questions, leading students to reunderstand the classic experiment of the "identification of Co²⁺". Thus this article reveals about how to educate students to think and criticize in the teaching process.

In one of the experiments of university chemistry laboratory, which is "determination of copper content in copper sulfate (iodometry)", the effect of adding KSCN and the time of adding it were explored at different concentrations of copper sulfate. Results showed that the content of copper was not affected when KSCN was added near the end point or after the introduction of starch, while the content of copper was significantly lower when KSCN was not added or added after KI. This research can be applied in the undergraduate laboratory teaching activity. Under these circumstances, students are divided into different groups according to experimental conditions. Students are guided to compare, analyze and discuss the experimental results. In such a way, students' exploration and innovation spirits are inspired and the teaching effect is improved compared with the traditional book-oriented teaching method.

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were synthesized by reducing HAuCl₄ with sodium citrate. The sensitivity and selectivity of gold amalgam catalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) system for mercury detection were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. In the experiment, students' interest in scientific research and exploratory spirit will be stimulated, students' comprehensive experimental operation skills and subjective initiative will be improved, the understanding and application of nanoparticles preparation, characterization, catalytic reaction knowledge and metal ion analysis methods will be enhanced. Furthermore, the innovative thinking and scientific spirit of the students will be cultivated.

Lab reports are an integral part of the fundamental chemical laboratory teaching and necessary for students to master the chemical knowledge. However, there are some problems such as simple contents in current teaching and learning of fundamental chemistry laboratories in universities. In this paper, a "learning-guidance mode" lab report based on classical experiments was studied to enrich the format and contents of the lab report. Upon examination, the contents of the "learning-guidance mode" lab report throughout every aspect and whole process of laboratory teaching can help students to establish self-learning consciousness and improve self-learning ability and exploration spirit. Meanwhile, it can also train students to possess capability of scientific thinking and solving problems, thus enhancing the effect of teaching of fundamental chemistry laboratory.

The measurement of saturated vapor pressure of pure liquid has been improved by designing a novel apparatus. The pure liquid vapor at phase equilibrium could be obtained, and the temperature of phase equilibrium could be accurately measured. In addition, the balance between the internal pressure and external pressure could been conveniently adjusted. The improved method is simple, rapid, easy operate, time-saving and safe.

A research-based comprehensive experiment was introduced: preparation and investigation of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) blend membranes in which PVP was employed as the membrane matrix. Three kinds of engineering thermoplastics were chosen to enhance the dimensional and mechanical stabilities of PVP based membranes. The physicochemical properties were investigated. This experiment relates to physical chemistry, polymer chemistry, organic chemistry, electrochemistry and instrumental analysis. It covers polymer blending, membrane fabrication by solution casting, characterization and performance test. Through this experiment, students can get knowledge of fabrication and characterization methods for polymer electrolyte membrane, which arouses students' interest in scientific research, cultivates students' innovative ability, fosters students' practical skills and promotes their integrative skills of applying knowledge.

A new comprehensive experiment of material chemistry: the synthesis and characterization of SBA-16 mesoporous materials, and surface modification was introduced. This experiment combines the theory of thermodynamics, kinetics and surface adsorption, as well as instrumental analysis, which could improve the experimental skills, comprehensive and innovative abilities of the undergraduates. Based on this experiment, students can not only well understand the forming principle of mesoporous materials, but also learn the operation skill for XRD, N₂ adsorption, TEM, Intelligent Gravimetric Analyzer, which could stimulate the interest in scientific research.

Preparation of methyl orange is regarded as a classical basic experiment in organic chemistry. Based on the derivation of methyl orange preparation, we design a mini comprehensive experiment by combining the synthetic experiment of azobenzene compounds with spectral analysis to achieve the multi-disciplinary interactions. It not only can guide students to further understand properties of azobenzene compounds, but also can help to improve the synthetic operation skills of solid organic compounds and master the spectral analysis methods. In the meantime, we hope to break the limitation of basic experimental training and make it easier for students to cultivate scientific thinking methods.

Herein, we proposed a research-oriented computational chemistry experiment. During the experiment, students should design by-themselves the computational experiment through literature research, mechanism assumption, computational verification and data analysis. The course integration of fundamental knowledge and practical ability provided a good base to inspire the activity and creativity of the students. This experiment was set up for the realization of the target of cultivating research type talents.

A comprehensive chemical teaching experiment was introduced, including extraction, separation, identification and application of Indigo plants. The indigo was extracted from Isatis root and applied to dying. The experiment involves several basic methods of natural product extraction, analytical chemistry procedures and its application. Through the experiment, students' research interest and exploring spirit will be stimulated, and experiment operation skills will be improved. This experiment was expected to be taught through lively activities, and outlined the relation between basic operation and production application.

In this paper, a comprehensive chemistry experiment named "Synthesis and purification performance of porous ZnO-g-C₃N₄ Z-scheme heterojunction for organic wastewater" is introduced. The cheap chemical reagents, including urea, ammonium chloride and zinc nitrate, are used as raw materials for preparing porous ZnO-g-C₃N₄ heterojunction, which is composed of ZnO and graphitic carbon nitride, with a direct calcination method. Furthermore, the heterojunction is analyzed by several techniques. Meanwhile, the adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity for rhodamine B were investigated. This comprehensive experiment is helpful for improving the experimental operation skills of senior undergraduates, stimulating their interest in scientific research, cultivating their scientific research capabilities, and enhancing their environmental awareness and responsibility awareness.

This in-class teaching design will facilitate students' understanding of how the basic principles and methods of physical chemistry thermodynamics are used to analyze and correct the literature data calculation process in the field of adsorption. Similarly, it will enhance the accuracy and systematicness of students' knowledge of thermodynamics, as well as promote students' interest and self-confidence in learning by employing such a creative and dynamic classroom teaching model of physical chemistry.

There is no unified equation for calculating titration error in the textbook of analytical chemistry. The Ringbom's equation is the most frequently used, but the equation has problems. This work made a theoretic analysis of the Ringbom's equation based on the definition of titration error. The results show that the calculated end point error using Ringbom's formula is different from that based on the definition. We believe this work can provide fundamental basis for the establishment of reasonable titration error calculation.

A method for obtaining the delocalized π bonds π_n^m in a molecule has been discussed in this paper, and the delocalized π bonds π_n^m in linear, bent, planar trigonal, single cyclic conjugated, and polycyclic conjugated molecules have been studied. The reasons of π₃⁴ in NO₂ and 2π₃² in C₃ molecules have been proposed. The delocalized π bonds 2π₁₈¹⁸ in cyclo[18] carbon are analyzed.

Based on quantum mechanics, structural chemistry reveals the relationship between the structure and the properties of the materials from the microscopic field. This paper analyzes the difficulty in the teaching of quantum mechanics postulates in structural chemistry and puts forward a method to stimulate the students' learning motivation and improve the teaching effect.

The new names are listed for several types of common inorganic compounds such as allotropes, homopolyatomic cations, homopolyatomic anions, heteropolyatomic anions and oxyacids, based on "NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY – IUPAC Recommendations 2005". The characteristics of the new nomenclature have been analyzed and summarized, with emphasize on the introduction of the additive nomenclature.

Based on the quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) method and Matlab GUI technology, we developed a program code for visualizing the collision process of the elementary chemical reactions of the a + bc type. The general methodology of QCT, abstraction of dynamical properties of molecular collisions and the making of Graphical User Interface are introduced. The running results of an application to the reaction F + HCl→HF + Cl is also presented. The results showed that this program could vividly demonstrate the behavior and final state of the atom-diatom collision process in animated form. Students can interact with internal MATLAB code through graphical user interface, observe the reactive behavior and final results in real-time from multiple angles, which helps students to understand the complex reaction mechanism and deepen their perceptual impression of the chemical process at a microscopic atomic/molecular level.

In teaching electrochemistry, Materials Studio and VESTA softwares are used to assist the teaching of the structure of electrode materials and factors affecting the catalytic activity of catalysts, which makes the relevant teaching content easy to understand. This not only stimulates students' interest in the course of electrochemistry and improves the classroom teaching effect, but also helps to cultivate students' scientific thinking and exploration ability.

Taking the determination of the composition of calcium phosphate and the recovery of chromium waste liquor as the example, this paper discussed how to use Python to deal with the curve drawing and precise solution of the related problems in the design of analytical chemistry laboratory. Using Python for analysis, the process is more concise and intuitive, which can provide a better theoretical basis for experimental design.

In this paper, we discussed several problems on calculation of reaction rate constant in physical chemistry reference books. When calculating the rate constant k of the second-order reaction, we should make the half-life formula consistent with the reaction stoichiometric equation. And when calculating the activation energy with Arrhenius formula for ideal gas-phase reaction, attention should be paid to identifying the difference between the reaction rate constant k_c and k_p, as well as the difference between corresponding activation energy E_ac and E_ap. It is beneficial for students to have a correct understanding in calculation.

The concept of solid angle is used to explain the necessary and sufficient conditions for a three-dimensional gapless structure to be achieved by combining one or several polyhedrons. In this paper, the solid angle and dihedral angle of the common regular polyhedron and the common Archimedean semi regular polyhedron are presented, and the examples of structural chemistry are analyzed. In space, the sum of solid angles must be equal to 4π(sr), so by simply adding, we can judge the possibility of gapless accumulation, know the common situation of each point, and then deduce the space structure. By using this method, we can predict some structures that do not exist yet.

The idea for designing organic chemistry lab for the 11st National Undergraduate Chemistry Lab Tournament was introduced. The problems found in the competition were illustrated and the test results were analyzed.