基于PBL教学模式的有机化学实验教学设计——以“安息香缩合反应”为例

doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202212071

Abstract

Abstract:

As the basic course of chemical, biology and related majors in our university, organic chemistry experiment has the characteristics of combining theory and practice, knowledge and innovation. Based on PBL, the teaching design of Benzoin condensation reaction can embody the educational concept of "problem-driven, student-oriented, teacher-guided and education as the goal". The teaching design is fully integrated with the curriculum of ideology and politics, which could not only enhance the enthusiasm of students to participate in teaching, but also effectively improve their professional ability and comprehensive quality. The course achieves the win-win situation between teaching and educating.

Key words: Problem-based learning, Organic chemistry experiment, Benzoin condensation, Teaching design

Cairong Wang, Jing Su, Yaqin Liang, Kai Sun. Teaching Design in Organic Chemistry Experiment Based on "PBL" Model: Taking Benzoin Condensation as an Example[J].University Chemistry, 2023, 38(10): 185-193.

Figures/Tables 6

	目标达成	问题的设置	教学实施	素材
实验预习	(一) 了解“安息香”俗名的由来，安息香缩合反应的发现历史；(二) 探究中药安息香与化学试剂安息香的亲缘关系；(三) 培养学生的学科素养和人文素养，感受化学学科的发展史及化学家探索自然、追求真理的科学精神	问题1. 探究实验标题“安息香”的由来问题2. 该反应最早如何被发现和认识问题3. 探究中药安息香与本实验产物安息香的亲缘关系	课前学生通过文献查阅，线上阅读方式思考；课上教师提问，引导，总结	1. 安息香属于植物树脂，可作为行气活血的药物；2. 安息香是一种常见的有机化工原料；3. 安息香缩合反应的偶然发现。推荐阅读：吴祺编著《有机化学史话》
实验预习	(一) 巩固安息香缩合反应的机理，渗透反极性策略在有机合成上的应用；(二) 了解该反应催化剂的研究进展，引导学生关注学科发展前沿；(三) 倡导学生树立绿色环保理念，提升社会责任感	问题4. 传统的安息香缩合反应中，CN⁻在缩合中的作用如何问题5. 了解安息香缩合反应催化剂及合成方法的研究进展问题6. 本实验中VB₁如何实现催化作用	要求学生课前复习有机理论；线上阅读文献导读；教师课堂提问，讲授，提升	1. 李景宁，《有机化学》第六版(上册) 370页，(下册) 146页 2. 文献阅读：安息香缩合与应用研究进展
实验操作过程	(一) 规范学生实验操作，要求学生掌握实验过程隐含的化学规律和本质；(二) 培养学生仔细观察、积极思考、实事求是的科学态度，提高学生发现问题、分析和解决实际问题的能力；(三) 进一步强化学生的安全意识、环保意识，提升学科素养和职业素养	问题7. VB₁分子结构对反应体系的pH和反应温度有何要求问题8. 反应投料顺序(NaOH的用量滴加细节)有何要求问题9. 分析反应过程反应体系的pH保持在9–10的原因问题10. 实验过程涉及的基本操作有哪些？各操作注意事项如何	采取实验课堂集中讲授和实验过程个别检查指导相交互的方式展开。对于影响实验成败的关键步骤反复强调，强化学生的理解和重视程度。对于基本操作则采用实验过程巡查、提问纠错等方式进行	1. 基本操作：参考教材内容3-16部分，包括试剂的前处理、回流、抽滤、洗涤、重结晶、干燥等操作； 2. 实验步骤：在学生预习的基础上，教师讲授过程中以板书呈现
课后思考讨论	(一) 要求学生学会处理数据，能正确分析实验结果，规范书写实验报告；(二) 要求学生学会比较分析，归纳反思，掌握反应的本质及反应之间的内在联系，融会贯通；(三) 引导学生运用辩证唯物主义观点，养成科学的思维品质。通过分组讨论，增强团队合作意识	问题11. 实验结果处理及分析问题12. 安息香反应与羟醛缩合反应、珀金反应、康尼扎罗反应之间的关联如何问题13. 通过实例启发学生思考：分子内歧化反应与二苯基羟乙酸的重排反应的同一性	教师针对报告书写的规范性和结果分析的客观性进行个别评价指导；通过课后作业，要求分组合作，以论文形式提交完成，或集中展示PPT。教师点评，拓展，提升	要求：分析本实验教材第三部分的实验3-14，3-16，3-18，3-35，四个有机制备实验都是以苯甲醛为底物的亲核加成或亲核加成-消除反应历程，总结四种反应类型的本质及其关联性

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Teaching Design in Organic Chemistry Experiment Based on "PBL" Model: Taking Benzoin Condensation as an Example

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