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2025 Vol. 40,No. 8Published:19 July 2025
Study and Reform of Chemical Education
  • Precipitation of Charge Transfer Co-Crystals Guided by the “Solubility Product Rule”: A Case on the Teaching Reform of Inorganic Chemistry in Materials Science Majors
  • Xuexia He, Zhibin Lei, Pei Chen, Qi Li, Weiyu Deng, Peng Hu
  • In undergraduate foundational courses, effectively integrating basic knowledge with cutting-edge scientific research can increase students’ learning enthusiasm and ignite a sense of scientific inquiry. This approach is highly valuable for students’ academic development and aligns with talent cultivation strategic. When teaching the topic of “Precipitation-Dissolution Equilibrium” in the core Inorganic Chemistry course for materials science majors, we implemented methods such as designated literature, guided instruction, group discussions, and student-led presentations. The “Solubility Product Rule” was applied to analyze the precipitation process of “Charge Transfer Co-crystals,” a novel class of organic semiconductor materials, broadening the scope of teaching content and extending its applications. This approach not only deepens students’ understanding of the “Solubility Product Rule” but also introduces them to scientific research practices. Additionally, it strengthens their self-directed learning, English reading, problem-solving, and communication skills.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 1-10. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410099
  • Curriculum Reform and Practice of Principles of Chemical Engineering Guided by the Concept of “Cultivating Values, Strengthening Foundations and Enhancing Engineering Competence”
  • Xianglan Zhang, Jingwen Ma, Junya Cao, Weibin Cai, Zhibing Chang, Jinchang Liu
  • To cultivate high-quality talents who can not only adapt to the demands of the information and digital era while addressing national energy security, we have implemented a series of curriculum reforms and explored innovative talent training models under the educational philosophy of “cultivating values, strengthening foundations, and enhancing engineering competence”. By integrating ideological and political education into the curriculum, we aim to foster students’ patriotism, professionalism, awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction, and teamwork skills. To strengthen students’ disciplinary foundations, we have developed energy-themed teaching resources and knowledge maps, reorganized teaching content based on students’ cognitive levels, adopted a blended teaching mode combining online and offline methods, and introduced a “diverse, multi-party, and comprehensive” assessment system to evaluate learning outcomes throughout the process. To enhance students’ engineering innovation capabilities, we have employed an “engineering case-driven approach combined with TBL (team-based learning)” in-class activities and extended the curriculum through simulation experiments and subject competitions. These measures have yielded significant results.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 11-17. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410041
  • Construction of Ideological and Political Education System in Analytical Chemistry with Distinct Regional and Professional Characteristics
  • Yali Yuan, Jinfang Nie, Jianping Li, Wenying Jin, Lin Li
  • To address the evolving needs of ideological and political education in college courses under new circumstances, the analytical chemistry teaching team at Guilin University of Technology has proposed a systematic model for ideological and political education, characterized by the principle of “one major, one theme”. Taking the applied chemistry major as an example, the team has designed an overarching framework and objectives for integrating ideological and political elements into analytical chemistry education, emphasizing regional and professional characteristics. Guided by these objectives, a systematic, differentiated, and diversified ideological and political education framework has been constructed, accompanied by detailed methodologies and implementation strategies. The initiative integrates ideological and political education throughout the teaching process, from classroom content and instructional approaches to extracurricular social practices. Furthermore, a comprehensive and diversified assessment system is introduced to seamlessly incorporate the evaluation of ideological and political education into the course framework.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 18-24. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410007
  • Innovation and Exploration of Chemical Laboratory Safety Curriculum Based on the “Trinity and Four Integrations” Strategy
  • Chen Hu, Yu Wu, Lianqing Chen, Tao Huang, Chunya Li, Lin Li, Bingguang Zhang, Peng Mei
  • Traditional chemical laboratory safety education faces numerous challenges. To address these issues, the teaching team of the chemistry laboratory safety course at Central South University for Nationalities has developed a set of effective teaching strategies. These strategies are based on the “trinity” curriculum objectives of “knowledge imparting, skill development, and value formation”. The team employs a “four integrations” teaching model: integration of curriculum content with ideological and political education, deep integration of laboratory safety with professional experiments, integration of foundational knowledge with cutting-edge advancements, and integration of laboratory safety education with scientific research practice. The approach centers on a blended teaching format, combining online and offline methods with case-based teaching, and incorporates pre-class, in-class, and post-class learning strategies. Additionally, a diversified evaluation system is applied to the course assessment. The team’s practices and explorations in course goal setting, content design, teaching mode development, and assessment reform have yielded positive outcomes, providing valuable insights for improving chemical laboratory safety education in higher education institutions.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 25-32. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410088
  • Reflection and Experience on the Teaching of Comprehensive Design Experiments in Physical Chemistry
  • Wanchun Zhu, Bing Zhou, Tengfeng Xie, Jingqi Guan, Xu Zhao
  • This paper analyzes the recent reforms and practices in the basic experimental courses of physical chemistry and reflects on the content transformation of these experiments. It introduces comprehensive design experiments in physical chemistry and summarizes their practical outcomes and developmental experiences. The paper argues that incorporating comprehensive design experiments into the basic physical chemistry curriculum has improved both the experimental content and teaching methods. This new innovation plays a crucial role in constructing a student-centered, competency-driven experimental teaching system in physical chemistry.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 33-37. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409139
  • Teaching Practice of Physics Chemistry Course Supported by SPOC Platform
  • Changhao Wang, Jieting Qin, Ying Zhang, Hongtao Bian, Jiani Ma, Xin Bo, Yashao Chen
  • In the context of the ongoing promotion and implementation of educational digitalization, the Physical Chemistry course at Shaanxi Normal University has introduced the flipped classroom on the Zhihuishu SPOC (Small Private Online Course) platform. This study adopts a dual-mode teaching strategy that is merging the concepts of “combination of online and offline learning” and “integration of pre-class, in-class, and post-class activities”. Various teaching methods and digital assessment techniques have been employed to improve the teaching and learning experience. The primary objective is to foster students’ independent learning abilities and improve their comprehensive competencies.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 38-44. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410001
  • Reflections on the Design of a Curriculum Ideological and Political Education System for the Physical Chemistry Course Group in Agricultural Colleges and Universities
  • Liangyu Gong, Jie Wang, Weiyan Chen, Haiyan Jiang, Xinzhi Sun, Baoling Tian, Libin Gao, Jianzhong Li, Wukui Kang, Shihai Yan
  • In the context of “New Agricultural Science”, it is crucial to cultivate applied innovative talents who are knowledgeable about agriculture, passionate about agriculture, committed to strengthening agriculture, and dedicated to revitalizing the agricultural sector. To this end, this article develops a “three-dimensional” Curriculum Ideological and Political (CIP) education system characterized by “one core, one group, three pathways, and six dimensions”. This system is guided by clear objectives, driven by effective teaching tools, integrated through a “three-classroom” approach, and supported by robust content. Our goal is to promote the deep integration of professional teaching and CIP education within the “Physical Chemistry” course group, enhance teaching effectiveness, and cultivate chemistry professionals who possess both moral integrity and intellectual competence, aligned with the demands of contemporary agricultural development.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 45-51. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410044
  • Focusing on Science and Education Integration, Promoting Construction by Competition, and Promoting the Reform and Development of Comprehensive Chemistry Experimental Course Construction at Lanzhou University
  • Baoxin Zhang, Haijuan Zhang, Xiaolong Li, Chunlin Sun, Yongwen Shen, Xinping Hui, Zitong Liu
  • The Comprehensive Chemistry Experimental course at Lanzhou University adheres to the principle: The curriculum is the core element of talent development, and the quality of the curriculum directly influences the quality of talent cultivation; Therefore, it is essential to deepen educational reforms and translate the outcomes of these reforms into effective curriculum development. To nurture students’ innovative capabilities in the context of the new technological era, we have introduced the policy of “integrating science and education while advancing development through competition”. This approach leverages high-quality scientific research and competitions to enhance the Comprehensive Chemistry Experimental course, thereby fostering students’ innovative thinking and interest in scientific inquiry. The ongoing exploration of reforms in this experimental course has yielded significant results, which may serve as valuable references for the development of similar experimental courses in the field of chemistry.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 52-57. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410030
  • A Preliminary Study on Integrating Ideological and Political Education into the English-Language Course of Chemical Analysis
  • Zhuomin Zhang, Lanrui Yang, Baorong Zhang, Gongke Li
  • Analytical Chemistry, with “quantity” as its core, is a compulsory foundational course for undergraduate chemistry students. The introduction of an English-language course in Chemical Analysis plays a crucial role in helping students learn the fundamental concepts of analytical chemistry and master related experimental skills in professional English, while also fostering a comprehensive and global perspective on the subject. Integrating ideological and political education into the teaching process of the English-language Chemical Analysis course can effectively enhance students’ patriotism and cultural confidence, cultivate a spirit of truth-seeking, pragmatism, diligence, and rigor, and strengthen students’ sense of social responsibility. This paper discusses the selection of ideological and political elements in the English-language Chemical Analysis course and explores effective methods for integrating ideological and political education. It also examines the interaction and integration of ideological and political education between theoretical and laboratory courses, with the aim of providing valuable insights and practical approaches for the ideological and political development of the English-language Chemical Analysis course.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 58-65. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410010
  • Application and Effectiveness Analysis of Knowledge Network Construction Strategies in Organic Chemistry Teaching
  • Jian He, Dinglin Zhang, Liping Wu, Ying Bao, Xiaochao Yang
  • The difficulty in integrating various knowledge points and connecting them with medical applications has long been a persistent challenge in organic chemistry education for medical students. To address this issue, we implemented three strategic approaches to construct customized knowledge networks for achieving knowledge integration. First, we tailored basic concepts, challenging topics, and medical application cases to establish foundations, elucidate core principles, and provide practical relevance for current learning materials. Second, we employed functional group interconversions, the “structure-property-application” framework, reaction mechanisms, and comparative analysis of related concepts to establish connections between knowledge points. Finally, we incorporated specific medical application cases throughout the entire chapter-based learning process. Teaching practice results demonstrate that this approach significantly helps students clarify knowledge structures, systematically master key concepts, and ultimately achieve the goal of practical knowledge application.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 66-71. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410092
  • Exploration and Practice of Physical Chemistry Course Development Based on Teacher Education Program Accreditation Principles
  • Jing Yang, Sijing Chen
  • In alignment with the graduation requirements for teacher education students to “practice professional ethics, master teaching methodologies, cultivate student development, and pursue continuous growth”, and taking into account the specific context of the institution and the learning conditions of the students, the development of the Physical Chemistry course has prioritized an outcome-oriented approach. This has involved ongoing reforms and practical implementations focused on student-centered course objectives, curriculum structure, teaching methodologies, and assessment strategies. As a result, a series of significant outcomes have been achieved, providing a valuable reference for the development of first-class chemistry courses in undergraduate teacher education institutions and for the fulfillment of course objectives.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 72-77. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410066
  • Teaching Reform of Analytical Chemistry in Food Science Major Using a Dual Linkage “Three-Phase Learning” Model
  • Linghua Chen
  • As a fundamental discipline course for food science programs in agricultural and forestry universities, analytical chemistry faces several pedagogical challenges including inadequate integration of general and specialized knowledge, uneven student preparedness in chemistry fundamentals, and rigid implementation of ideological-political education. To cultivate food science professionals capable of meeting the evolving demands of new quality productive forces in the context of emerging engineering education, this study implemented comprehensive course reforms across teaching content, instructional methods, and evaluation systems. The restructured curriculum emphasizes the integration of general and specialized knowledge, interdisciplinary approaches, and seamless incorporation of ideological-political education. Utilizing blended learning and peer-group strategies, we developed a dual-linkage instructional model consisting of three learning phases: “pre-class preparatory learning with peer supervision, in-class formal learning with peer assistance, and post-class consolidation learning with peer reinforcement.” The implementation of this model, combined with a comprehensive evaluation system incorporating process assessment, goal evaluation, and value-added assessment, has demonstrated significant effectiveness in strengthening students’ chemical foundation and advancing the professional development of food science majors.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 78-91. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409095
  • Exploration of Curriculum System Optimization for Diversified Talent Cultivation in Chemical Biology
  • Fangfang Chen, Haiming Fan, Yan Li, Yuan He
  • To address the challenges in the chemical biology curriculum system—particularly the fragmentation of interdisciplinary courses, insufficient knowledge integration, and students' limited ability to solve practical problems—our teaching team has implemented comprehensive curriculum optimization. Key initiatives include restructuring course modules to establish a spirally progressive knowledge framework, enhancing experimental training through a three-tiered (basic-comprehensive-advanced) skill development system, and refining teaching strategies to create a sustainable mechanism for innovative talent cultivation. These measures have significantly improved teaching quality while strengthening students’ innovation capacity and practical skills, offering valuable insights for developing new approaches to diversified talent cultivation.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 92-99. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409108
  • The Necessity of Full-English Course in Instrumental Analysis and the Integration of Ideological and Political Education
  • Weizhi Wang, Jieling Qin, Jie Cao
  • With the acceleration of globalization in higher education, full-English-taught courses have become an important pathway to enhance students’ global competitiveness. This paper uses the “Advanced Instrumental Analysis” course at Beijing Institute of Technology as a case study to explore the role of English-medium instruction in improving academic English proficiency and adapting to international environments. By analyzing the development of analytical instruments, the paper proposes integrating ideological and political education into the curriculum to inspire students’ sense of responsibility and innovation, ultimately contributing to the independent development of analytical instruments.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 117-123. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410067
  • Practice and Exploration of Bilingual Teaching in the Chemical Biology Course
  • Shangwen Luo, Jianguo Fang, Yanlong Yang, Shihui Dong
  • This article provides an overview of the bilingual chemical biology course offered by the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at Lanzhou University, including the selection of textbooks, key topics, teaching methods, assignment strategies, integration of morality cultivation in bilingual teaching, and assessment methods. The article also summarizes challenges encountered in teaching practice and proposes possible solutions.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 124-129. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410096
Survey of Chemistry
  • Synthesis and Application of the Chiral Ferrocenyl Diphosphine Ligand Xyliphos
  • Guilan He, Yaofeng Yuan
  • Chiral ferrocenyl diphosphine ligands are widely used in asymmetric catalysis, with Xyliphos being one of the most prominent examples. The iridium complex of Xyliphos is employed in the asymmetric hydrogenation of MEA (2-methyl-6-ethylaniline)-imide, a key intermediate in the enantioselective synthesis of the chiral herbicide (S)-metolachlor. This catalytic process is highly efficient, achieving a turnover rate exceeding 2,000,000, with an annual production capacity surpassing 10,000 tons. It is the largest-scale enantioselective catalytic process demonstrated to date. The synthesis and successful industrial application of Xyliphos represent a significant milestone, highlighting the successful transition from basic research to industrial implementation, with profound and far-reaching implications.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 130-137. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409122
  • Recent Advances in Low-Coordinated Phosphorus-Containing Functional Groups
  • Wen Jiang, Jieli Lin, Zhongshu Li
  • Functional groups are essential molecular building blocks that govern the physicochemical properties of molecules. The study of their structure, properties, and functions is central to synthetic chemistry, forming the foundation of modern synthetic chemistry theories. In the pursuit of discovering and creating new substances, the design and development of novel functional groups is of particular importance. With advancements in synthetic technology, new functional groups containing main-group elements such as phosphorus (P), boron (B), sulfur (S), and silicon (Si) have been reported. According to the diagonal rule, phosphorus-containing functional groups can exhibit properties similar to their carbon-containing counterparts. Moreover, the introduction of phosphorus atoms can further modulate the steric and electronic properties of these groups, revealing distinctive physicochemical characteristics and broad application potential. This review summarizes recent developments in low-coordinated phosphorus-containing functional groups, such as phosphaalkynes, diphosphorus compounds, phosphinidenes, phosphaalkenes, diphosphenes, and phosphinines, and discusses the future directions for research in this field.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 138-151. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409144
  • Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of Vinylic Halides
  • Bolin Sun, Jie Chen, Ling Zhou
  • In organic chemistry textbooks, nucleophilic substitution reactions of vinylic halides are generally considered being difficult to occur. However, recent research has revealed numerous instances of these reactions, leading chemists to classify them as nucleophilic vinylic substitution (SNV) reactions. This article primarily explores the proposed mechanisms of SNV reactions and presents several representative examples. Integrating these cutting-edge advances into classroom teaching not only helps students understand SNV reactions but also enriches the existing knowledge system of nucleophilic substitution reactions.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 152-157. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410032
  • Organophosphorus Chemistry and Its Integration in Teaching of Chemistry
  • Fengxiao Wang, Zhiwei Miao, Yaofeng Yuan
  • As vital constituents of organoelemental compounds, organophosphorus compounds find extensive applications across diverse fields including materials science, agrochemicals, and organic synthesis, demonstrating significant relevance to daily life. While phosphorus, as a crucial main-group element, is introduced with its fundamental properties in secondary education, undergraduate chemistry curricula primarily emphasize more advanced inorganic phosphorus chemistry with limited coverage of organophosphorus chemistry. This article highlights recent research advances in organophosphorus chemistry and proposes pedagogical considerations for incorporating organophosphorus chemical knowledge into undergraduate teaching.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 158-168. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410077
  • Organosilicon Polymers in Life and Health Applications
  • Jiashuang Lu, Xiaoyang Xu, Youqing He, Mingyue Wu, Ruixin Shi, Wenfang Yu, Hang Lu, Ji Liu, Qingzeng Zhu
  • Polysiloxanes, among the most versatile organosilicon polymers, feature a backbone composed of repeating Si―O bonds with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms. This unique inorganic-organic hybrid structure imparts exceptional physicochemical stability, physiological inertness, outstanding biocompatibility, remarkable weather and aging resistance, as well as excellent processability to polysiloxane materials. These superior properties have enabled their widespread applications in life sciences and healthcare, including human organ repair/replacement, cosmetic surgery, tissue engineering, medical devices, and drug delivery systems. This review systematically examines the structure-property relationships of polysiloxanes and provides a comprehensive discussion of their applications in biomedical and healthcare fields.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 169-180. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409143
  • Selection of Phosphorus Sources and Synthesis of Three Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardants with Evaluation of Their Flame Retardant Performance
  • Ruilan Fan, Xiaoling Huang
  • The choice of phosphorus source compounds plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of phosphorus-based flame retardants. In addition to evaluating flame retardant efficiency, critical parameters such as chemical reactivity, thermal stability, and economic feasibility must be carefully considered. This study presents a comparative analysis of three distinct phosphorus sources: phosphorus oxychloride, hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, and phytic acid, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we detail the synthetic procedures for three phosphorus-containing flame retardants and demonstrate their effectiveness in enhancing the flame resistance of polyurethane materials. These findings offer valuable guidance for the judicious selection of phosphorus sources in flame retardant design. The presented chemical reactions and characterization methodologies also serve as practical extensions to fundamental organic chemistry curricula, facilitating students’ comprehension of theoretical concepts through their application in research contexts.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 181-191. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410025
  • The Stereoselectivity of the Wittig Reactions
  • Zhi Chai, Huashan Huang, Xukai Shi, Yujing Lan, Zhentao Yuan, Hong Yan
  • The Wittig reaction is a well-established method for synthesizing olefins. However, undergraduate organic chemistry textbooks often provide only a cursory overview of the mechanisms and stereoselectivities associated with these reactions. This article aims to enhance the existing literature by introducing several proposed mechanisms of the Wittig reaction and their corresponding explanations for stereoselectivity. It is our hope that this discussion will aid students in understanding the mechanisms and stereoselective outcomes of the Wittig reaction, thereby reinforcing their foundational knowledge of organic chemistry.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 192-201. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410046
Science Education
  • The Magician of Drug Delivery: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
  • Yuxia Luo, Xiaoyu Xie, Fangfang Chen
  • Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), renowned for their specific recognition capabilities and high selectivity, have emerged as promising candidates for drug delivery systems (DDS). MIPs-based DDS enables targeted and controlled drug release, effectively minimizing side effects while significantly enhancing therapeutic outcomes. This article presents the fundamental concepts of MIPs using vivid, anthropomorphic language, followed by an in-depth exploration of their applications in targeted drug delivery and their potential in the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 202-210. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409129
  • “DNA Transformation” of Dunhuang Murals
  • Leyuan Sun, Xiaoyu Xie, Fangfang Chen
  • DNA, as a highly dense and durable information storage medium, holds significant potential for the long-term preservation of cultural heritage data. This paper explores the process of converting data from the Dunhuang murals into DNA sequences using DNA storage technology, highlighting the application of dual-layer error correction codes and de Bruijn graph algorithms to ensure data stability and recoverability. Furthermore, the use of “cell disk” as a storage medium is expected to enable high-density and long-term DNA data storage. The goal is to inspire readers to engage with and explore cutting-edge technologies.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 211-217. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410079
Chemistry Laboratory
  • Preparation and Characterization of Rare Earth Benzoate Complexes: A Case Study of Comprehensive Chemistry Experiments in Talent Development for Applied Chemistry Majors
  • Jinrong Bao, Jinglin Zhang, Wenxian Li, Xiaowei Zhu
  • In order to effectively improve the ability of students majoring in applied chemistry to apply comprehensive knowledge and complete experiments, we recommend and implement a comprehensive chemistry experiment titled “Preparation and Characterization of Rare Earth Benzoate Complexes”. This experiment involves the preparation and composition analysis of rare earth organic complexes, along with the study of their luminescent properties. Additionally, students are introduced to various instrumental techniques, including EDTA complexometric titration, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Through this experiment, students not only consolidate their basic experimental skills, but also develop their overall experimental capabilities while gaining a deeper understanding of the electronic structure and spectral properties of rare earth elements.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 218-224. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409142
  • Comprehensive Experimental Design for Ammonia Production via Photocatalytic Nitrate Reduction
  • Jiajia Wang, Sibo Huang, Xijing Gao, Chaoxun Liu, Haibo Zhang
  • Photocatalysis is an environmentally friendly technology that efficiently harnesses solar energy, characterized by sustainability, broad applicability, and low cost. Among its various applications, photocatalytic nitrate reduction for ammonia production stands out as a promising method for environmental remediation and sustainable ammonia synthesis. To address the gap in experimental teaching related to photocatalytic research, we have introduced photocatalytic nitrate reduction for ammonia production as a key component in university chemistry laboratory courses. This experiment encompasses the preparation and characterization of ZnTi-Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) and explores its ammonia production performance. It provides students with an opportunity to deepen their understanding of basic chemistry concepts, as well as to apply inorganic and analytical chemistry techniques. Additionally, the experiment fosters students’ scientific curiosity, enhances their practical skills, and promotes teamwork and collaboration.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 241-248. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410050
  • Mechanochromic Luminescence in Ph―C≡C―Cu2.5: A Comprehensive Physical Chemistry Experiment
  • Haiying Jiang, Liuhong Song, Yangyang Cheng, Kefen Yue, Mingli Peng, Huilin Guo
  • This study presents a novel physicochemical experiment investigating the mechanochromic behavior of a copper(I)-alkynyl coordination complex (Ph―C≡C―Cu2.5). Utilizing the compound of Ph―C≡C―Cu2.5 independently developed by our group as a model system, the experimental protocol involves monitoring macroscopic color responses under controlled mechanical stimuli (vertical pressure and shear forces), coupled with spectroscopic characterization through UV-Vis absorption and steady-state fluorescence measurements. The systematic investigation elucidates the relationship between mechanical-force-induced structural modifications and optoelectronic property variations, demonstrating a direct structure-activity correlation. Integrating principles from physical chemistry and advanced analytical techniques, this experiment enhances students’ understanding of mechanoresponsive materials while fostering critical thinking through mechanistic analysis of supramolecular interactions.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 249-254. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410003
  • Preparation of Stimulus-Responsive Hydrogels and Their Actuation Behavior
  • Zhongrui Wang, Yuwen Meng, Xu Wang
  • This experiment aims to assist chemistry students in mastering the preparation of polymer hydrogels and the regulation of their swelling behavior by investigating stimuli-responsive hydrogels and their actuation mechanisms. The experiment is divided into three parts: First, students synthesize responsive and non-responsive hydrogels via free radical polymerization to grasp the fundamental principles of the polymerization process. Second, a two-step method is employed to create bilayer hydrogels, allowing students to explore the impact of layered structures on actuation behavior. Lastly, students adjust the environmental pH to control the swelling degree of the responsive hydrogels and examine the actuation behavior of the bilayer hydrogels. This experiment is rooted in cutting-edge research and encompasses both the preparation of polymer materials through basic polymerization techniques and the characterization of functional colloidal materials. It not only reinforces students’ understanding of colloid chemistry and enhances their experimental skills but also deepens their awareness of advancements in functional polymer material research, ultimately contributing to the overall quality of their training.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 255-264. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410038
  • Dipole-Induced Liquid Gating for Visual Substance Detection: A Novel Experimental Design for Application of Interface and Surface Properties in the Chemistry “101 Plan”
  • Yi Fan, Zhuoqi Jiang, Zhipeng Li, Xuan Zhou, Jingan Lin, Laiying Zhang, Xu Hou
  • This study presents a novel training experiment rooted in the behavior of surfactants at interfaces and the relationship between the properties of gating liquids and the transmembrane pressure threshold of gases in a liquid gating system. By employing a liquid gating teaching analyzer (pressure threshold analyzer), we facilitate visual substance detection through a liquid gating mechanism. This experiment, part of the undergraduate “Chemical Metrology Experiments” course within the Chemistry “101 Plan”, exemplifies the concept of dipole-induced liquid gating for visual substance detection. The primary objective is to cultivate students’ ability to integrate theoretical knowledge with practical application, encourage the utilization of learned concepts, and enhance their innovative practical skills.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 265-271. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410061
  • Sublimation: Application “Visualization” to the Key Step in Extracting Caffeine from Tea Leaves
  • Longping Li, Jiali Li, Tiange Qu, Jiaqing Cai, Chuyu Zhang, Wenji Guo, Qiulian Li, Fan Luo
  • Sublimation is a critical step in the extraction of caffeine from tea leaves. In traditional methods, this process occurs within an evaporating dish, which limits students’ ability to visually monitor the entire sublimation process during heating. Additionally, the difficulty in controlling the heating temperature can lead to various issues: some students may not initiate sublimation due to insufficient heat, while others may inadvertently cause colored impurities to sublime alongside the desired product, or even result in carbonization when the temperature is excessively high. This study introduces the use of glassware in place of evaporating dishes, allowing students to clearly observe the phenomena associated with sublimation. Furthermore, temperature-sensitive test papers are employed to identify the optimal sublimation temperature. The integration of “visualization” in this context not only aids students in observing and documenting experimental phenomena, but also establishes a connection between these observations and sublimation temperature. More importantly, it fosters students’ ability to integrate theoretical knowledge with practical application, thereby enhancing their problem-solving skills.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 272-276. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409137
  • Construction of Tetraphenylethylene-Based Multicomponent Metallacages and Their Solid-State Emission Properties
  • Ruoqian Zhang, Chaoqun Mu, Yali Hou, Mingming Zhang
  • This study presents the design and synthesis of two types of tetraphenylethylene-based multicomponent metallacages through coordination-driven self-assembly. We compared the luminescent properties and quantum yields of tetraphenylethylene in its three-dimensional structural form with those of its monomeric state, both in solution and solid state. Furthermore, utilizing the metallacages as the focal point of our research, we investigated their high quantum yields and favorable solution processing characteristics for their application as coatings in blue organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to develop white light-emitting diodes.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 277-283. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410027
  • Preparation and Application of a Novel Chromium (VI) Detection Test Paper: A Comprehensive Applied Chemistry Experiment
  • Ruihu Wang, Aidang Lu
  • This paper presents a comprehensive applied chemistry experiment focused on the preparation and application of a novel Chromium (VI) detection test paper. The experiment encompasses key concepts and techniques from both organic and analytical chemistry. A critical approach to enhancing college students’ scientific research literacy, innovative potential, and problem-solving capabilities in today’s context involves translating cutting-edge research findings into practical laboratory instruction. Utilizing tri(4-imidazolylphenyl) amine and benzyl bromide as starting materials, we synthesized ImBn-Br, an imidazolium compound capable of selectively recognizing Cr2O72−. This compound was subsequently developed into a chromium detection test strip, facilitating rapid and visual detection of Cr2O72− in water samples. This experiment not only provides students with essential skills in heating reflux, filtration, and solution preparation but also fosters their interest in pollution detection and remediation while enhancing their environmental awareness. The methodology employed is innovative, visually accessible, and highly practical, making it well-suited for implementation in senior undergraduate courses.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 284-290. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410102
  • Reflections and Recommendations on Emergency Response to Common Safety Incidents in Chemical Laboratories
  • Weiguang Zhao
  • In the event of laboratory safety incidents, improper response measures may exacerbate the situation, potentially leading to severe personal injuries and substantial property damage. Consequently, integrating emergency response training into the laboratory safety education framework is imperative. Drawing upon practical experience and relevant literature, this paper identifies potential risks associated with emergency facilities in laboratories and proposes effective response strategies for common safety incidents. Furthermore, it establishes four fundamental principles for emergency response tailored to various types of incidents: the Immediate Self-Rescue Principle, the One-Minute Calmness Principle, the Control Principle, and the Immediate Evacuation Principle.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 291-297. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410053
  • Green Preparation and Popular Science Applications of Osmanthus-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots
  • Lingqi Zhang, Hairong Huang, Jialin Li, Li Ji, Yufan Pan, Meiling Ye, Cuixue Chen, Shunü Peng
  • This study uses osmanthus as a raw material to prepare a novel fluorescent material—carbon quantum dots. The composition and structure of the product were characterized through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and fluorescence spectroscopy (FLS). The fluorescence properties and the phenomenon of metal-induced fluorescence quenching were also investigated. Based on the green and straightforward preparation of carbon quantum dots, a series of innovative, hierarchical, and gradient scientific outreach experiments were designed. Aesthetic and engaging fluorescent products were developed to demonstrate the beauty and potential applications of carbon quantum dots. These outreach experiments are both scientifically sound and engaging, enhancing students’ enthusiasm for learning while increasing the public’s understanding of and interest in chemistry.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 298-306. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409138
  • Synthesis, Purification and Characterization of Acetylferrocene and Ferrocenoylacetone
  • Kexin Feng, Jie Zhang, Yujia Sun, Qiong Ai, Longchun Li
  • This study presents an innovative enhancement of the classical undergraduate chemistry experiment “Synthesis of Acetylferrocene”, transforming it into an integrated research-oriented experiment encompassing the synthesis, purification, and characterization of both acetylferrocene and ferrocenoylacetone. The experimental protocol content incorporates three core components: synthesis of acetylferrocene, development of a novel coordination-dissociation purification strategy for ferrocenoylacetone, and comprehensive material characterization. This work establishes the first experimental combination of ferrocene acetylation and subsequent ferrocenoylacetone synthesis in chemical education. Notably, a simple and practical “coordination–dissociation” purification method was employed for the first time in the purification of ferrocenoylacetone. The dual-track pedagogical principle is implemented through two complementary approaches: a comprehensive integration of experimental processes (literature review – synthesis – characterization) and an interdisciplinary integration spanning inorganic, organic, and coordination chemistry.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 307-314. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409045
  • “Hair-Trigger”: The Magical Collision of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers and Cement
  • Shengli Chen, Xinxin Zhao, Mingxue Xing, Xintai Li, Xiaojie Zhang, Xiuli Hu, Jimin Zhang
  • Polycarboxylate superplasticizer is a key material driving the rapid development of concrete construction technology. This study demonstrates how the addition of superplasticizers significantly enhances the fluidity of cement slurry, sparking public interest and curiosity. By combining the “adsorption-dispersion” mechanism with interactive science outreach and animated visualization, we introduce the green synthesis process, the unique comb-like structure, and its application areas. This paper conveys the scientific concept that “structure determines performance, and performance determines application”, while promoting the idea of chemistry in everyday life and achieving effective multilevel popularization of science.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 315-322. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410036
Between Teacher and Student
  • Exploring the Teaching of Entropy Change Calculations in Chemical Thermodynamics
  • Chunguang Rong, Miaojun Xu, Xingde Xiang, Song Liu
  • Entropy is a fundamental function in physical chemistry, and the calculation of entropy change serves as a basic criterion for determining the direction of processes. This paper discusses various methods for deriving the entropy change calculation formula in teaching, which can enhance instructional quality and improve learning outcomes. Additionally, the paper introduces the calculation of entropy change for real gases in chemical engineering, thereby broadening students’ knowledge and illustrating the close connection between physical chemistry and practical issues in chemical engineering.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 323-329. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202409146
  • The Exploration and Practice of Integrating “Agriculture, Science, and Education” to Cultivate Chemistry Talent with a Rich “Agrochemical” Background
  • Liangyu Gong, Yongsheng Niu, Xiuzhong Wang, Lihua Lu, Lubin Xu, Shuaishuai Li, Jie Wang
  • In the context of the “New Agricultural Science”, promoting the cultivation and supply of application-oriented chemistry talents with a strong “agrochemical” background is essential. This approach highlights the critical role of chemistry and chemical engineering in supporting, empowering, and catalyzing the modernization of agriculture and rural development. The College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences at Qingdao Agricultural University leverages the university’s strengths in agricultural disciplines and actively implements the “Chemistry + Agriculture + N” pathway, creating a new paradigm for talent cultivation focused on “strengthening agriculture through industry and revitalizing agriculture through integration”. Initially, the college revised its curriculum, leading to the reshaping of a “3-platform-2-module-2-system” talent cultivation framework. This system has resulted in the development of a curriculum that emphasizes “agrochemical” characteristics, deepens the integration of chemistry with agriculture, and nurtures a commitment to the “three rural issues” (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers). Next, the college has broken down the barriers between disciplines by exploring agrochemical-focused research directions and outcomes, advancing an “education-research integration” approach to talent development. Furthermore, following an open and shared platform philosophy, the college has created a “two lines-three dimensions-one integration-one goal” framework for disciplinary and professional clusters, bringing together industry, research, and educational resources to foster collaborative education. Finally, the college has established and enhanced complementary management systems and mechanisms, providing strong institutional support for the cultivation of application-oriented chemistry professionals with a rich agricultural background through the integration of agriculture, science, and education.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 330-337. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410011
  • Study on the Bilingual Teaching Reform of Analytical Chemistry Driven by New Development Trends
  • Sha Pan, Bairu Yu, Jun Li, Ling Wu, Dan Li, Tianji Ma, Zhong Cao
  • This paper introduces the concept of bilingual education, discusses the current issues in its development, and, in the context of the national “Belt and Road” initiative, presents reform strategies for bilingual teaching in analytical chemistry. The paper suggests practical measures for reform in the following five areas: bilingual textbook selection, classroom teaching reform, teacher quality training, mobile learning platforms, and learning outcomes. The aim is to cultivate high-quality, innovative bilingual professionals with a cross-disciplinary mindset and an international perspective, contributing to the nation’s strategic development in the new era.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 338-344. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410056
Self Studies
  • Exploring Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Methods: A Case Study on Oxygen Activation by Cobalt Porphyrins
  • Xue-Peng Zhang, Yuchi Long, Yushu Pan, Jiding Wang, Baoyu Bai, Rui Ding
  • Metalloporphyrin complexes have attracted much attention because of their excellent catalytic performance and good selectivity in oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). However, massive investigations on substituent effects with conventional experimental synthetic approaches as well as high accuracy quantum chemistry computations would be difficult. Herein, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methods were utilized. Based on collected physicochemical parameters, calculated topological parameters and quantum-chemical parameters of cobalt porphyrins with various substituents by Chem3D and Gaussian, the correlation analysis was performed by SPSS program, which enables quick screening of feature descriptors on dioxygen activation mediated by cobalt porphyrins. Subsequently, a stepwise regression analysis was performed, which outputs a multi-variant regression equation with acceptable goodness-of-fit and generalization ability. Our work systematically demonstrated the calculation and collection of representative descriptors in QSAR, and the detailed process of correlation analysis and regression analysis were shown. This work can assist in self-learning the relevant functions of Chem3D, Gaussian, and SPSS software, enhancing practical abilities in molecular modeling, computational chemistry and statistical software, as well as data analysis and processing skills.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 345-359. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410107
  • Application of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry in Teaching of Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
  • Xuefei Zhao, Xuhong Hu, Zhenhua Jia
  • The Friedel-Crafts alkylation is one of the most representative reaction in organic chemistry courses focusing on the aromatic electrophilic substitution. However, the descriptions of the Friedel-Crafts alkylation often lack quantitative and visual information in traditional textbooks, making it challenging for students to deeply understand the reaction mechanism. On the basis of this, we have designed a practical teaching scheme in the use of quantum chemical calculations. The students will gain the quantitative data and intuitive structure pictures and analyze the thermodynamic and kinetic of the reaction by carrying out the theoretical calculations. The close collaboration of computational chemistry and organic chemistry will not only deepen students’ understanding of basic concepts and theories in organic chemistry, but also broaden their knowledge and promote their innovations. Furthermore, they will understand the methods of solving complex organic chemistry problems using computational chemistry.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 360-367. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410008
Chemistry History
  • The Story of Acid-Base Theory
  • Yuhao Chen, Zhuo Cheng, Qijun Hu, Jian Pei
  • It has been over four hundred years since the proposal of acid-base theory in the 17th century. The understanding and exploration of acids and bases have been an extensive process. Initially, chemists sought to define acids, bases, and acid-base reactions. So far, several theories have been proposed, including the acid-base ionization theory, acid-base solvent theory, Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory, Lewis acid-base theory, and the soft and hard acid-base theory. These theories are interrelated and complementary, deepening the understanding of the nature of acids and bases and fostering the development of chemistry.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 368-375. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202412001
Chemical Olympiad Competition
  • Analysis and Expansion of Phosphorus Cluster-Related Problems in the 2023 Peking University Golden Autumn Camp and the 37th Chinese Chemistry Olympiad Finals
  • Linfeng Zhou, Yulin Zhang, Suhao Lin, Longguan Zhu
  • This article presents an analysis and expansion of two phosphorus cluster-related problems from the 2023 Peking University Golden Autumn Camp and the 37th Chinese Chemistry Olympiad Finals, from the perspective of integrating structural chemistry and elemental chemistry. The article summarizes emerging trends in the examination of structural and elemental chemistry in chemistry competitions and offers suggestions for future chemistry competition pedagogy. The goal is to assist students in better understanding the structural characteristics of phosphorus clusters, improve their ability to solve complex chemistry problems, and foster a greater interest in the field of chemistry.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 376-387. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202411030
  • Multi Perspective Analysis of DMPE Discotic Bilayer Micelles: Analysis of Question 4 of the 38th China Chemistry Olympiad (Preliminary)
  • Fanpeng Shang, Jiantuo Chen
  • The fourth question of the 38th China Chemistry Olympiad (preliminary) tested candidates’ understanding and analysis of discotic bilayer micelles. This paper provides a detailed breakdown of the question, utilizing buffer solution formulas, distribution coefficient equations, and other relevant formulas. The forces that contribute to the formation of the discotic bilayer micelle structure are examined from both micellar and supramolecular perspectives. Additionally, the structure, properties, and applications of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DMPE) are discussed, offering further insight into this important compound.
  • 2025, 40 (8): 388-393. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202410034