Analytical chemistry laboratory plays a very important role in basic chemistry laboratory teaching. With the development of scientific research, the status of instrument analysis has been promoted, and the status of quantitative analysis laboratory in basic teaching has been greatly impacted. This paper introduces the reform and achievements of the laboratory of analytical chemistry in our university in recent years.
Under the background of Internet + and internationalization of dual first-class discipline, aiming at cultivating talents with engineering practice ability, team-cooperated spirit and international vision, as well as enhancing students' independent innovation level, the undergraduate and graduate's instrumental analysis courses were reformed. A novel MTSAE course teaching mode with international standards, through the adoption of MOOCs teaching (M), team collaboration (T), seminar (S), abroad-domestic class interaction (A) and evaluation comprehensively (E), was developed for guiding students to actively participate in the study with international background. It can help students to achieve subjective initiatives, extend accumulation from frontier knowledge, strengthen the team cooperation and communication ability. It can also effectively promote the internationalization level of the students, which played a key role in promoting the cultivation of innovative talents.
Since 2009 when Sichuan University started to implement the Top-notch Undergraduate Training Program (Top-notch Program for short) in Chemistry, a relatively comprehensive scheme of international training has been established and progress has been made. As the Ministry of Education starts the "Top-notch Undergraduate Training Program 2.0" in 2019, we are obliged to review the current international training model for chemistry undergraduates by learning from other universities both domestic and overseas to explore better ways of deepening international cooperation and improving the quality of international training for top chemistry students.
As a required course for the environmental engineering major, environmental chemistry has overlapped teaching content with the four major basic chemistry courses (inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry and analytical chemistry). In order to improve classroom teaching efficiency and students' learning enthusiasm, our teaching team summarizes and analyzes the similar knowledge between environmental chemistry and the four basic chemistry courses, and then updates and optimizes the teaching content. Meanwhile, with assorted teaching methods including questioning, comparing and discussion, we guide students to explore "new knowledge" from "known knowledge" to deepen knowledge layer by layer. Furthermore, the "rain classroom" teaching mode is applied to help the teaching connection, which can improve the teaching effect.
A scientific laboratory marking method is important in arousing students' enthusiasm in laboratory study, thus, the quality of laboratory teaching of universities is improved. In order to meet the needs of laboratory teaching in the new era, it is necessary to establish a marking system which is deeply integrated with modern information technology. Therefore, a novel marking system was constructed, in which modules of pre-lab test, experimental operation, data quality, calculation, report and literature were included. Each module was marked by grade and the detailed indexes have been laid out. In addition, the software of Excel and MATLAB were used to realize data auto-correction and auto calculation for the final marks.
In view of the obvious differences in chemistry basis, the ability of theoretical and laboratory connection, and the level of laboratory skills among the freshmen with chemical-based majors, the teaching team of inorganic chemistry of Tianjin University has constructed multi-dimensional information laboratory resources of inorganic chemistry including classroom demonstration experiment, online opening of laboratory course, experimental safety management and education, and the production and application of virtual simulation experiment. Those resources have been applied to the teaching practice of inorganic chemistry, which could solve the difficulties of students in the learning process and improve the teaching effect and efficiency.
According to published papers of "Teaching Research and Reform" column in "University Chemistry" in the past 10 years (2010–2019), the survey of 535 papers from the basic information of the literature, the authors and the content of the paper shows that: (1) University chemistry teaching research and reforms are generally on the rise, and the content of teaching research is relatively comprehensive, including curriculum research, classroom teaching research, experimental practice teaching research, etc., of which experimental and practical teaching research is relatively weak; (2) teaching mode is the focus of teaching research; (3) the amount and participation of different types of university chemistry teaching research and reform are different; (4) research is mostly based on cooperative research.
In recent years, education for foreign students has become an important part of higher medical education in China. Inorganic chemistry is a basic course for medical students. Based on summarizing the many years of inorganic chemistry teaching in the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Shandong University, this article discusses inorganic chemistry teaching from the aspects of teaching content selection and teaching method reform, in order to gradually improve the quality of teaching.
Chemical weapon is a kind of weapon which can attack enemy's combat power by means of poison. It can kill with many ways, large-scale, high power, and long duration. It is known as "silent killer", and its basic component is chemical warfare agents. For a long time, the use of chemical weapons in war will not only reduces the opponent's combat effectiveness, but also harms many innocent people, which is not in line with ethical requirements. Therefore, it is important to reduce the harm of chemical weapons. This article first introduces the basic knowledge of chemical weapons, including the components, classification, and then summarizes the methods of detecting and degrading chemical warfare agents in recent years from the perspective of chemistry, and prospects the development trend of decontamination technology.
Gold element occupies a crucial position in the history of science and technology. Ernest Rutherford figured out the basic architecture of the atom by shooting alpha-particles at gold foil. Michael Faraday's experiments with colloidal gold gave an early hint of today's nanotechnology revolution. The gold electrodes were used to make the chips that triggered the information revolution. Gold nanoparticles are central to the development of gold technologies, such as diagnostic testing tools, plasma effects and highly effective catalysts. In this paper, the history, application and future development of nano-gold are discussed and summarized in vivid language with examples. Meanwhile, the relevant physical and chemical principles are also introduced, so that readers can understand the relevant knowledge of nano-gold in interesting reading.
The original experimental scheme was further optimized and improved by quantitatively measuring the effects of total ionic strength adjusting buffer, different tea leaves and tea-making water temperature and time. The objective is to enable students to understand the importance of controlling the experimental conditions for determination, so as to further stimulate students' interest in the science and pleasure of chemistry experiments.
As an important carrier of the Internet of everything, QR code extremely makes people's life greatly. This paper introduces practices and experiences of applying QR code to laboratory teaching, laboratory instrument management and academic report flexibly of the National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education of Xiamen University, hoping to provide applicable guidance for domestic university laboratory teaching and laboratory instrument management.
This study illustrates a comprehensive experiment covering polymer chemistry, physical chemistry and instrumental analysis. In this experiment, the temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) microgels are synthesized and characterized. The PNIPAM microgels are prepared by free-radical precipitation polymerization in aqueous phase. The temperature responsive properties of PNIPAM microgels were explored from two aspects, macroscopic and microscopic. This comprehensive experiment is based on the research of cutting-edge topics, which is helpful to cultivate students' ability of integrating theory with experiment and applying knowledge to practice, as well as to train students' awareness of interdisciplinary integration.
In order to expand the application of pressurized hydrogenation in undergraduate teaching and help students use hydrogen in a safe and proficient way, a virtual simulation experiment of pressurized hydrogenation reaction was proposed and constructed. Based on the work of three Nobel Prize winners in the field of hydrogenation, the virtual simulation experiment of pressurized hydrogenation was carried out. The experimental construction includes simulation software resources, learning sharing platform, mobile learning resources, process construction and evaluation system construction, which gives full play to the role of virtual simulation technology in the field of chemical engineering and blazing a new trail for some chemical engineering laboratory courses that are difficult to be carried out in teaching.
On the basis of teaching content of computational chemistry course, we introduce a computational chemistry experiment to senior undergraduates. This experiment uses Gaussian 09, GaussView and UltraEdit softwares to search the transition state of
Self-design experiment is one of the important links in the teaching system of analytical chemistry laboratory in our university. In this paper, the chromium-bearing wastewater produced in the teaching process of analytical chemistry lab class is taken as the treatment object. Students are required to independently consult the literature, design their experimental schemes, and evaluate the feasibility of their schemes. On this basis, the self-design experiments are carried out, and the harvested results are analyzed and evaluated. The implementation of the teaching process trains not only the students' ability to analyze and solve problems, but also their innovative thinking consciousness.
This paper introduces a comprehensive inquiry experiment. Two water-soluble polymers, starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), were selected to form a color developing system with iodine. By spectrophotometry, the effects of different reaction conditions, such as pH, reaction temperature, concentration of reactants and reaction time, on the color rendering results were investigated, and the optimum reaction conditions were determined. The working curve of absorbance was constructed and the application of the color rendering system was discussed. Rationality of quantitative measurement of substances.
A comprehensive analytical chemistry experiment was introduced: oil in nuts like walnuts and peanuts was extracted by organic solvent and the iodine value of these oil was standardized via indirect iodometry to evaluate the degree of unsaturation of nut oil. By using purification techniques like extraction, filtration and distillation, as well as typical titrimetry like iodimetric method, students can interpret the experimental principles with their basic theoretical knowledge. Furthermore, life-based problem solving enhances their ability to solve problems and arouses their interest in chemistry.
This paper introduces the preparation, purification and structure identification of aspirin, especially the teaching method, purpose and result at distinct stages of the experiment. Through problem-based learning with flipped classroom, students' active learning ability and comprehensive experimental ability was improved. By doing experiments independently and discussing the experiment result in groups, students' ability of independent thinking and cooperation was strengthened.
In order to improve the undergraduate education quality, Nankai University has organized undergraduate innovative research activities of "One Hundred Projects". College of Chemistry combines its own feature, and promotes the combination of theoretical teaching and scientific research practice in the form of "Scientific Research Feedback Teaching". College of Chemistry gives correct guidance to students as to joining scientific research innovation training and obtains satisfactory education outcome. Here we report the synthesis of two flame retardants and their application in flame retardant polycarbonate, which is one of the "One Hundred Projects" carried out in College of Chemistry in Nankai University. In the meantime, the specific implementation process and teaching effect of the "One Hundred Projects" are introduced.
Borax in different appearance is compared and studied in standardization of the standard hydrochloric acid as primary standard. The obtained concentrations of hydrochloric acid are 0.1049 mol·L-1 and 0.1052 mol·L-1, respectively. Then based on the statistical test of the data, it was revealed that there are significant differences between the two. Additionally, appearance differences of borax, which may be caused by the change of its properties, will give rise to the error of subsequent measurements.
A blended learning curriculum, Chemistry Laboratory Safety, has been constructed by the National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education of Lanzhou University. Through the combination of online and offline teaching modes, the course which integrates safety training, virtual simulation learning, safety assessment and access certification has been established, and a three-dimensional, systematic and linked safety access information management system has also been established. It serves as an effective carrier for universities to carry out laboratory safety education and assessment. The students' safety values, the safety awareness of environmental protection, and the efficiency of experimental safety training are improved by the developing of the blended teaching mode, which has a positive effect on diversified and standardized safety education system.
The quantitative analysis based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been widely applied to medical researches. In order to help students to learn more about the basic working principle of NMR spectrometer and the method of quantitative analysis of the drugs using NMR spectroscopy, two improvements were made about "the determination of components in paracetamol, aminophenazone, caffeine and chlorpheniramine maleate tablet using 1H NMR spectroscopy" experimentby optimizing the procedure for sample treatment and introducing the determination of the trace component (e.g., chlorpheniramine maleate) in the tablets. the content of four components in tablets could be simultaneously analyzed under mild conditions.
In this paper, the UV-Visible spectrophotometer (SHIMADZU UV-1750) was simply modified to realize the on-line detection of samples and applied to laboratory teaching. The modification is also applicable to SHIMADZU UV-1780 and other models of spectrophotometer. The modification expands the function and improves the utilization rate of the instrument. In the laboratory teaching, the modified UV-Visible spectrophotometer can become a part of the protein collection system (replacing the traditional protein detector and recorder), thus reducing the acquisition cost of laboratory instruments.
In this paper, we introduced a comprehensive chemical experiment in research-oriented university, the polyaniline film for supercapacitor featuring energy level visualization. The content included electrochemical polymerization of aniline, study of electrochromic properties, fabrication and properties of supercapacitor device, and its charge storage visualization. Through the practice, students will be able to further enhance the practical ability of scientific research on the basis of mastering experimental theory and experimental skills. The development of this experiment can also expose students to the frontiers of scientific research and cultivate students' ability to think independently and innovate continuously.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy plays an important role in chemistry, pharmacy, biology, environment, medicine and material sciences, etc. With the popularization of NMR spectroscopy, the cleaning of NMR tubes has been paid more and more attention. From the traditional brush cleaning to ultrasonic cleaning, and then to the specific NMR tube cleaner, the cleaning methods of NMR tubes are developing towards the direction of low cost, high efficiency, non-destructive and green. With the advantages of saving labor and simple operation, NMR tube cleaner represents the developing trend of NMR tube cleaning mode, and so has been more and more widely used.
The selection principles and applicability of several commonly used chemical protective gloves were analyzed in detail. The characteristics of chemical structure, polarity and solubility of polymer, and the anti-penetration and anti-aging properties of chemical protective gloves of different materials would be introduced in this paper.
This paper introduces practices and experiences of setting up the intelligent open sharing platform for experiments of the National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education of Xiamen University, such as the construction framework, management system, operation process and operation effect, hoping to provide applicable guidance for the open management of domestic university laboratory.
A large quantity of experimental waste liquid can be produced in the chemistry laboratory. If the liquid waste is handled improperly, it not only will pollute the environment, but also is harmful to our health. Taking the analytical chemistry laboratory teaching as an example, this paper analyzes the current situation of liquid waste management, discusses solutions of management and treatment, and puts forward suggestions to effectively reduce the production of liquid waste in laboratories, which provided reference materials for the chemical laboratory with similar problems.
Kinetics is an important part of physical chemistry laboratory teaching. In this article, we present a spectrophotometric method for study of the reversible kinetic reaction process of phenolphthalein-NaOH system. The ambient temperature has little influence on the experimental reaction, and the spectrophotometer is the only required instrument for carrying out this experiment. All reagents used are in small amount and low toxic, which is in accordance with the green chemistry concept.
In this paper, the different ideas about the concept of the oxidation number in domestic chemistry textbooks have been discussed. Based on this, we propose to use the term of specified charge number instead of formal charge number and apparent charge number to describe the oxidation number. Through the interpretation of the definition of the oxidation number, we draw some important inferences and finally introduce our explorations and attempts on the contents of the oxidation number in compiling the inorganic chemistry textbook, and suggest introducing the valence-shell electron number method to determine the oxidation number of elements in inorganic chemistry and general chemistry textbooks.
There are some problems in the condensation polymerization teaching, such as the ratio of function groups, the Polyester linear equilibrium polycondensation kinetic equation, etc. The students were often puzzled with these problems. Based on many years of polymer chemistry teaching experience, these problems were discussed in this paper to provide some reference for peers teaching and students learning.
The application conditions of pre-equilibrium and steady-state approximations usually used for treatment of complex chemical kinetics are discussed. Based on the characters of opposing reaction, the simplified application conditions for pre-equilibrium approximation is proposed. The shortcoming of the former conditions is pointed out. By defining a dimensionless parameter relating to the discrepancy from steady state and using graphic method, the application conditions of steady-state approximation for the consecutive reaction is clarified. When the rate for consumption of the intermediate is 100 times larger than its generation rate, the error by using steady-state approximation is less than 1%, which is a good approximation.
This paper provides a primary analysis and discuss on the mathematization of quantitative analysis. By analyzing the present situation of chemical quantitative analysis, instrumental analysis and chemometrics in the establishment and application of mathematical theories, it pointed out that the mathematization of quantitative analysis has not been realized. The mathematization of quantitative analysis should be realized by establishing mathematical equation that contains chemical parameters, is self-contained and can be evolved into mathematical theorem.
Using web technology, the development and application of the platform of molecular point group system PGLite have been described in this paper. A friendly interface for directly accessing webpages to manipulate molecular models has been implemented, and a molecular point group display platform for structural chemistry courses has been constructed to help students better understand the molecular symmetry, which effectively improve the teaching effect of molecular point groups section.
After first established in 1835, the definition of catalyst has undergone several progresses. In 1996, IUPAC Nomenclature Committee proposed a new definition of catalyst. But till now this new definition has not been adopted extensively. In this paper, the fundamental characteristics of catalyst are listed and discussed with the essential features being clarified. Based on these discussion, a new definition of catalyst is suggested. The concept of negative catalyst is analyzed based on the essential features of catalyst. It is suggested to replace negative catalyst by inhibitor. It is meaningful for us to get a better understanding of catalyst and correct misunderstandings in the present physical chemistry textbooks.
The adsorption on the solid-liquid interface is important for industry and daily life. To investigate the adsorption process, the adsorption thermodynamics usually are essential. The adsorption thermodynamics are analyzed with the parameters of the change of Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS). In this presentation, the different methods for calculation of the adsorption thermodynamics parameters are introduced. Moreover, examples for calculations and applications of the adsorption thermodynamics are presented.
Structural chemistry is one of the core basic courses of chemistry-related majors. In the course of teaching structural chemistry, complex formula derivation, mathematical operations and function image drawing have always been the most difficult points of the course. This article introduces the application of the Python scientific computing library SymPy for symbolic calculation and function image drawing in the teaching of structural chemistry through specific examples. The programming language involved in the library is easy to learn, understand, and operate. It can effectively help students overcome their fear to learning, deepen their understanding of structural chemistry, and also help subsequent learning of computational chemistry courses.
The discrepancies for calculating condensation temperature and boiling temperature for droplet and small bubble using Kelvin equation were discussed. The discrepancies can be ascribed to the neglect of variation of the vapor pressure of curved surface to plain surface with temperature, and the misusing of Kelvin equation for small bubble during boiling. The way to reduce the discrepancy is introduced while the applicability of Kelvin equation is discussed.
Application of programming language R for the teaching of analytical chemistry was demonstrated with several examples. Numerical calculation of R was used to solve the high-order equations involved in chemical equilibrium. It avoided the cumbersome processes of formula simplification, and also unified all equilibrium calculations into the same method. Plotting functions of R were used to plot species distribution curves, titration curves, etc. Statistical analysis functions of R were used to replace the traditional manual method. Numerical simulation functions of R were used to help students understand complex concepts such as propagation of error and confidence interval. Compared with Excel, which is commonly used in the teaching of analytical chemistry, R also has the characteristics of being code-based, self-explanatory, flexible, rapidly evolving, and readily accessible. The application of R in teaching of analytical chemistry not only helps to improve the learning efficacy, but also provides an opportunity for students to master the powerful research tool R.