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2024 Vol. 39,No. 12Published:28 December 2024
Special Subject
Study and Reform of Chemical Education
  • Reform and Innovation of Diverse Teaching Modes for Chemistry Courses under the Platform of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Display
  • Shi Wang, Xiangchun Li, Wenyong Lai
  • With the goal of cultivating diverse and innovative technical talents, this study addresses the foundational and abstract nature of chemistry courses through teaching mode reforms. Diverse teaching methods are adopted, along with the establishment of an information-based second classroom. Additionally, the experimental component sees the inclusion of design-oriented and open-ended experiments, coupled with the implementation of diverse process-based assessment methods. Ultimately, these changes aim to enhance students’ overall competence and innovation skills, contributing to the cultivation of more innovative scientific and technological talents in the field of organic electronics and information.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 6-10. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401006
  • Exploration and Practice of Integrating Ideological and Political Education into the Medicinal Chemistry Curriculum at the National First-Class Pharmacy Discipline of a Medical University
  • Di Wu, Yitian Gao
  • The global biopharmaceutical industry is currently characterized by concentrated development, with dominant positions held by developed countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan. Concurrently, China is experiencing rapid enhancements in the innovation, output, and production capabilities of biopharmaceuticals, significantly increasing the demand for exceptional innovative talents. This surge aligns with the “New Medical Science” initiative aimed at cultivating top-tier innovative professionals. Medicinal chemistry, a core course in the pharmacy discipline, not only plays a crucial role in the professional training of these talents, but also bears the responsibility of cultivating their ethical and societal qualities. However, the integration of ideological and political education within the current curriculum lacks a systematic framework. The course team continuously innovates teaching philosophies, restructures content, and updates methodologies to embed ideological and political education effectively. By integrating industry-related and research-driven content throughout the course, this approach develops the stewardship expected of pharmacy professionals and improves students’ sense of academic fulfillment. This exploratory practice seeks to offer insights and serve as a reference for implementing similar educational reforms in pharmacy-related disciplines.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 17-22. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401033
  • Exploration and Practice on the Integration of Pharmacy Education with Entrepreneurship in the Era of Original Innovation
  • Hongrui Zhang, Mingxing Xiao
  • Pharmaceutical professionals are pivotal for the innovative and sustainable development of their industry. Cultivating talents who are the forefront of pharmaceutical advancements and equipped with entrepreneurial skills is crucial for ongoing innovation. Reflecting on the current development of China’s pharmaceutical industry and the existing gaps in pharmacy education, this paper proposes several enhancements. These include fostering innovative thinking, instilling a sense of mission, upgrading faculty skills, refreshing course content, diversifying teaching methods, boosting student engagement, and expanding university-industry collaboration. Initiatives at Lanzhou University such as the establishment of a technology-service-entrepreneurship integration platform, collaborative projects between universities and enterprises, industry experts and university professors delivering campus lectures, and continuous curriculum updates with the latest academic and industry advancements, and the creation of an integrated mechanism for cultivating students’ practical abilities through entrepreneurship competitions, innovation and entrepreneurship projects, and entrepreneurship practices, have shown promising results. This study discusses the efforts and explorations in merging pharmacy education with innovative entrepreneurial practices, providing insights and practical approaches that might benefit similar endeavors.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 23-31. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202401040
  • Exploration and Practice of Application-Oriented Talent Cultivation Pathways Based on Local Characteristic Resources
  • Guangming Yang, Yong Min
  • Honghe University focuses on the development needs of local industries and actively explores and practices the construction of professional groups based on local characteristic resources. Following the model of “integration of science and engineering, professional collaboration”, the university leverages the pioneering advantages of its Chemistry major. By integrating the distinct service-oriented features of the Metallurgical Engineering and Food Quality and Safety majors, it has established a professional group characterized by the “one core, two wings” approach: Chemistry as the core major (“one core”) and Metallurgical Engineering and Food Quality and Safety as the supporting majors (“two wings”). Taking advantage of its geographical location, Honghe University engages in international exchanges for talent cultivation and research cooperation with Vietnamese universities, thereby broadening students’ global perspectives and developing a unique pathway for talent cultivation. The majors within this professional group are all first-class construction majors in Yunnan Province and exemplary in ideological and political education within the university. The quality of talent cultivation has steadily improved, significantly enhancing the university’s ability to support regional economic and social development and drive innovation-led growth.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 32-39. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404047
  • Application of the BOPPPS Teaching Model in Physical Chemistry Teaching under the Concept of Ideological and Political Education: A Case Study of “Surface Tension”
  • Bo Sun, Hui Zhou, Ruiqing Liu, Meixing Li, Feng Lu, Quli Fan
  • Higher education should not only focus on imparting specialized knowledge but also emphasize the importance of students’ ideological and political education. This paper uses “Surface Tension” as a case study to explore the reform of ideological and political education within the curriculum, employing the BOPPPS teaching model. The study examines various aspects of this reform, including teaching objectives, teaching design, and teaching evaluation. By integrating ideological and political elements throughout the BOPPPS framework, the scientific content is enhanced. This approach aligns the transmission of knowledge with the guidance of ideological values, offering recommendations and strategies for the reform of physical chemistry education.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 40-46. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404053
  • Exploration of Integration Undergraduate Course with Ideology,Politics,and Practice in the New Era: A Case Study on “Three-Dimensional Textile Composites and Aerospace”
  • Diansen Li, Jun Han, Xue Yang
  • The extensive applications of three-dimensional (3D) textile composites in aerospace, national defense, and other fields have necessitated transformation and enhancement of traditional teaching resources and methodologies. Important topics related to 3D textile composites, including manufacturing processes and evaluation methods, are integrated organically with ideological and political education and practical teaching in the course of “3D Textile Composites and Aerospace” to guide students to address national strategic needs and international academic frontiers, foster patriotism for the country, and achieve the goal of cultivating skilled professionals. These educational reforms have significantly fostered students’ scientific literacy and innovation capability, deepening their understanding and comprehension of 3D textile composites and their applications.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 47-52. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404025
  • Teaching Reform Exploration in “Advanced Environmental Chemistry” Course with Ideological and Political Elements Integration
  • Yanmei Zhou, Meixia Guo, Yufeng Wu, Caixia Feng, Yamin Nie
  • In order to better carry out the concept of ideological and political education, the curriculum reform of Advanced Environmental Chemistry, a compulsory course for graduate students majoring in environmental science at Henan University, was carried out in this paper. The intersection of curriculum with ideological and political education is explored from multiple perspectives, including teaching content, teaching methods, and assessment approaches. The reform measures aim to build a new educational framework for the advanced environmental chemistry course, providing a reference for similar courses to integrate ideological and political education into their teaching reforms.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 53-56. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202402051
  • Practical Research on Blended Teaching Mode in Analytical Chemistry Experiment Course for Pharmacy Major
  • Juan Zhang, Yanyan Ma, Congjie Pan, Jingwei Lei, Yongsheng Ji, Qiujuan Ma, Caixia Xie
  • Analytical chemistry experiment is a fundamental and compulsory course for pharmacy major. Online and offline blended teaching mode is designed and applied in analytical chemistry experiment course. The mode includes teaching analysis, teaching process and learning evaluation, specially, (1) a comprehensive analysis of the experimental content, teaching objectives, learning resources and students’ learning status; (2) a well-structured teaching process integrating three interconnected stages — pre-class experiment preparation, in-class experiment teaching, and post-class experiment review — merging both online and offline elements; and (3) application of the whole-process evaluation method. Through reflecting the entire teaching process, the application advantages and challenges of the blended teaching mode are discussed.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 57-64. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403037
  • Design and Practice of ldeological and Political Education in the Virtual Simulation Comprehensive Internship Course of Materials Science
  • Yongsheng Niu, Hongchun Li, Jie Wang, Weina Li, Liangyu Gong, Qinxing Sun
  • Integrating ideological and political education into professional courses is a key strategy for collaborative education in universities. The virtual simulation comprehensive internship course for materials science, a specialized practical course, incorporates immersive ideological and political case studies. This paper begins by discussing the significance and necessity of implementing curriculum ideological and political education reform in the internship course. It then highlights the teaching reform practices undertaken in the virtual simulation comprehensive internship, summarizing the objectives, measures, and significance of ideological and political education in the professional practice courses, and outlines the outcomes of these reforms.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 65-72. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403039
  • Reform and Practice of Organic Chemistry Curriculum for Environmental Major with a Focus on Mining and Metallurgy
  • Yanhong Chang, Qunhui Wang
  • Combining with the feature of organic chemistry course, this paper presents reform measures in response to the unique mining and metallurgy background of the environmental major at the University of Science and Technology Beijing. The systematic reforms and practices include improving teaching effectiveness through enhanced teaching methods, establishing a diversified assessment system by adjusting evaluation standards, and integrating ideological and political element to achieve comprehensive education. The learning motivation of students on solving the problem of environmental pollution in mining and metallurgy is stimulated, as well as students’ understanding and practical ability of organic chemistry theory being achieved at the same time.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 73-79. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404003
  • The Practical Path of International Talent Training in Engineering Chemistry Discipline from the Perspective of “the Belt and Road” Initiative
  • Qun Wang, Yang Li, Zhongping Yao, Songtao Lu, Xiaohong Wu
  • In the context of increasing interdisciplinary integration, the cultivation of international talents in chemistry at engineering institutions must adapt and innovate. The chemistry discipline at Harbin Institute of Technology leverages its unique geographical advantages to address this need. Based on the connotation of international talent development within the framework of the “the Belt and Road” Initiative, it aims to establish a comprehensive knowledge system for interdisciplinary chemistry innovation, cultivate the ability to solve complex technical problems, and enhance communication skills that allow for the coordination of multiple interests from a global perspective. By focusing on four key objectives-faculty competitiveness, teaching influence, disciplinary appeal, and student competence — this approach advocates a multicultural education model that integrates both internal and external perspectives through a “dual-track” strategy of “bringing in and going out.” This practice offers valuable insights for the cultivation of international chemistry talent at engineering institutions in the new era.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 80-86. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404052
  • School Enterprise Collaboration Driving Innovation in the “Product Engineering” Course
  • Huiyu Li, Jianjun Liu, Hongtao Liu, Xin Shu, Xingquan Chen, Jie Zhao, Yongjun Feng
  • This article analyzes key challenges in the traditional educational approach and underscores the need for reform through school-enterprise collaboration. Using the “Product Engineering” course at Beijing University of Chemical Technology as a case study, this new teaching model involves inviting industry experts to co-develop and deliver the course. The paper introduces the course’s structure from three perspectives: curriculum design, teacher team development, and curriculum implementation. This innovative education model enhances students’ comprehensive skills, improves educational quality, and boosts corporate innovation capacity.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 87-93. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403067
  • Exploration and Practice of Case-based Teaching in Professional Degree Postgraduate Courses: A Case Study of “Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering”
  • Hengquan Yang, Yongzhao Wang, Bianxiang Zhang
  • With the expansion of professional degree graduate education scale and the growing social demand for applied talents, training professionals with a solid theoretical foundation who can meet practical work requirements has become a critical task for higher. This paper addresses the challenges in current course teaching and introduces reforms in the teaching methods and approaches of the “Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering” course at Shanxi University. By integrating theory and practice through case-based teaching, the course aims to enhance practical and innovation abilities in students. This exploration and practice have yielded positive results, offering valuable insights for talent cultivation in related fields and improving the quality of professional degree graduate education.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 94-100. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404021
  • Reconstruction of Teaching Content of “Hydrogen Chemistry and Hydrogen Energy” in Inorganic Chemistry Course
  • Quan Gu, Quanguo Zhai, Zhengqiang Xia, Chengfang Qiao, Shengli Gao
  • In recent decades, with significant progress in the fundamental and applied research of hydrogen element and hydrogen energy, the teaching content and materials of “hydrogen element and hydrogen energy” in inorganic chemistry have been enriched. In light of these developments, the reconstruction of this teaching content should emphasize completeness and scientific rigor, elevate the level of challenge, and incorporate cutting-edge and research-oriented perspectives. This approach aims to enhance students’ abilities to apply their knowledge, align professional education with ideological cultivation, and reflect a holistic approach to education.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 101-111. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404062
  • Exploration and Practice of Ideological and Political Education in Courses under the Perspective of Comprehensive Ideology and Politics: A Case Study of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
  • Yanli Dong, Zhi Li, Junmin Wang, Ying Zhao, Qingyun Chang, Qiuhua Wu
  • Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry is an important course for freshmen majoring in agriculture and forestry. Under the new agricultural science framework, deeply integrating ideological and political elements into the course is of great significance to cultivate innovative talents who are knowledgeable and passionate about agriculture. At Hebei Agricultural University, the Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry course, recognized as a national first-class undergraduate course, has developed a comprehensive and multi-dimensional system of ideological and political education. This system has been achieved through updating the curriculum system, optimizing teaching resources, building ideological and political resource database, and organically integrating ideology and politics with innovation. This approach fully leverages the educational function of foundational courses, achieving a synergistic resonance between knowledge transmission and value guidance.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 112-118. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403109
  • Exploration of the Digitally Empowered Dual-Teacher Teaching Model for Internationalized Curriculum: A Case Study of Inorganic Chemistry
  • Zheng Wang, Gunnar Olsen, Binjie Li, Zhen Wu, Yajun Qi, Rong Li, Hangxing Wang, Yun Gao
  • This study explores the construction of a dual-teacher teaching model for inorganic chemistry, leveraging a smart teaching platform and integrating both domestic and international educational resources. Based on constructivist learning theory and the learning pyramid theory, this approach aims to promote open and integrated education while innovating the international curriculum teaching mode. Practice has demonstrated that the digitally empowered dual-teacher teaching model can provide students with comprehensive learning support, achieve multi-dimensional, personalized, and scientific teaching evaluations, effectively enhance students’ self-learning abilities, strengthen teaching outcomes, accurately diagnose teaching issues, and foster the continuous improvement of teaching methodologies.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 128-136. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403020
  • Exploring Innovative Talent Training Models in Key Laboratories of “Double First-Class” Universities
  • Dongdong Li, Wenyong Lai, Shi Wang
  • Based on the key laboratories of “Double First-Class” universities, a “multi-faceted” talent training model has been constructed focusing on “ideological guidance, teaching quality, teaching practice, innovation ability, and teacher proficiency”. This model aims to explore new pathways for reforming the training of innovative talents. By strengthening practical teaching components, the model significantly enhances students’ practical and innovative abilities, providing an efficient reform path for cultivating innovative talents in the key laboratories of “Double First-Class” universities.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 150-155. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404060
Survey of Chemistry
  • Cooperative Photocatalysis of a Semiconductor with a Persistent Radical TEMPO for Selective Oxidation Reactions
  • Fengwei Huang, Fulin Zhang, Yuexin Wang, Xianjun Lang
  • The persistent radical TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) can be used in cooperating with semiconductor photocatalysis to promote electron and proton transfer during selective oxidation reactions. TEMPO is introduced into the reaction system as a redox mediator through rational design to improve efficiency. Both titanium dioxide and covalent organic frameworks can construct cooperative photocatalysis with TEMPO to activate diradical molecular oxygen for achieving the selective oxidation of organic substrates like amines and sulfides driven by visible light.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 156-163. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404010
  • Visible Light Driven Radical Ring-Opening Reaction of Cyclopropanes
  • Qiangqiang Li, Song Chen, Yingqiang Sun, Xi Kang, Hongping Zhou, Yan Feng, Jun Xuan
  • The structure and reactivity of cyclopropane are crucial topics in the undergraduate organic chemistry curriculum. However, current textbooks typically only address ionic ring-opening addition reactions, such as those involving hydrogen gas and halogens. This paper introduces the radical ring-opening reactions of cyclopropane facilitated by visible light photoredox catalysis, summarizing the latest advancements in the field. By presenting representative, easily understandable examples, this study aims to enhance undergraduate students’ comprehension of radical ring-opening reactions of cyclopropane. Integrating foundational knowledge with cutting-edge chemical research not only fills knowledge gaps in existing textbooks but also transforms advanced scientific findings into valuable educational resources. This approach broadens students’ knowledge base, enhances their learning interest, and improves overall learning efficiency.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 164-169. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404011
  • Decarboxylative Radical Halogenation Reaction
  • Chengqin Yu, Zuer Li, Haocheng Cai, Chengjian Zhu, Weipeng Li, Jin Xie
  • The decarboxylative halogenation of carboxylic acids via radical pathways, initially discovered by Borodine and further developed by Hunsdiecker, represents a classic transformation of carboxylic acid functional groups. The traditional Hunsdiecker reaction involves the pre-preparation of anhydrous silver carboxylate salts, which react with bromine to produce the desired brominated products. Since its inception, the synthetic utility of the Hunsdiecker reaction has attracted significant attention and has been extensively investigated by chemists. Considerable efforts have been directed towards enhancing the efficiency, practicality, and cost-effectiveness of this reaction. In the past decade, a series of novel Hunsdiecker-type reactions have emerged, notably including the recent advancements and innovations made by the group of Prof. Li. This article aims to review the developments in radical decarboxylation and halogenation reactions achieved by chemists in recent years.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 170-176. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404046
  • Advances in the Functionalization of Remote C (sp3)―H Bonds via Radical-Mediated 1,5-Hydrogen Atom Transfer
  • Xinyi Hou, Qinqin Yan, Fei Liu, Kai Sun, Zejiang Li
  • Radical reactions are pivotal in organic chemistry, playing a significant role in synthetic methodologies. Radical-mediated 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) represents an effective strategy for the functionalization of remote unactivated C(sp3)―H bonds, exhibiting excellent regioselectivity and atomic economy. Recent studies in this area have achieved breakthrough results. This review draws upon the allusion of “长辔远驭” (Chang Pei Yuan Yu) to provide a detailed discussion on the direct functionalization of remote C(sp3)―H bonds initiated by radical-induced 1,5-HAT under metal-catalyzed, visible light-catalyzed, and synergistic catalytic conditions.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 177-184. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404071
  • Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Organic Phosphorus Compounds via Activation of Inorganic White Phosphorus
  • Fengxiao Wang, Zhiwei Miao
  • Organic phosphorus compounds play a crucial role in various fields, including organic chemistry, agriculture, and materials science. White phosphorus (P4) is a key raw material in the modern phosphorus chemical industry and serves as a common source of phosphorus atoms for the synthesis of organic phosphorus compounds. In recent years, researchers have focused on exploring the chemical properties of white phosphorus with the aim of developing methods for the direct conversion of inorganic white phosphorus into phosphorus-containing functional compounds. This approach not only circumvents the multi-step traditional processes currently employed in the phosphorus chemical industry but also contributes to environmental protection and cost reduction. This article reviews the recent advancements in the direct synthesis of organic phosphorus compounds from inorganic white phosphorus and discusses the future prospects for development in this area.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 185-201. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404063
  • Monoclonal Antibody Drugs: Breakthroughs and Hope in the Field of Biomedical Sciences
  • Yuxin Zhang, Haocheng Huang, Wenzhuo Zhang, Lushun Zhou, Yawei Lin, Zhenyu He
  • Compared to traditional drugs, monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs distinguish themselves through their excellent specificity. They are capable of precisely recognizing and binding to target antigens, accurately localizing to diseased sites, and intervening in specific disease processes, thereby minimizing damage to other parts of the body and reducing side effects. MAb drugs play an important role in disease prevention and treatment, characterized by their unique structural functions, stringent preparation processes, and widely acknowledged safety. This article introduces the structure and functions of mAb drugs, along with their preparation processes, and emphasizes their significant contributions to the treatment of tumor, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 202-207. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403099
  • New Mechanism of Oxygen Formation in Photosynthesis
  • Haoran Zhu, Zhongye Li, Pengyuan Xu, Yizhao Yan, Jiang Bian
  • Photosynthesis is one of the most crucial chemical reactions on Earth, yet the exact mechanism of oxygen formation during this process remains unclear. Recent studies by Greife et al. and Bhowmick et al. revealed specific details about S3 → S4 → S0 in the Kok cycle, providing new evidences and perspectives for our understanding of the mechanism in photosynthesis.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 208-214. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404026
Science Education
  • Diversified Artistic Expressions of the Creation of Chemical Science Popularization: Taking Cyanotype as an Example
  • Qiting He
  • How can the creators of chemical science popularization introduce chemical knowledge without losing the fun? They need to try diversified artistic expressions to present the beauty of chemistry. This article discusses the innovation of artistic expressions of popular science creation in photo-image times, introduces the creative process of presenting artworks, and explores the spiritual pursuit beyond the material. Taking “Blue Pigment” in the video series “Chemistry and Life”, the short film “Cyanotype×Summer”, and the cross-border art exhibition “Cyanotype×Life” as examples, audio-visual fusion and other artistic techniques are used to show the chemical mystery of cyanotype and present the aesthetic emotions of video works and art exhibition. In addition, the research content in the science popularization article “Adventures in Blue Pigments: Cyanotype” was chosen for the course to construct a novel and interesting form of knowledge dissemination.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 215-228. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202401035
  • Silk Inlaid in Bone: Exploring Silk Fibroin in Bone Tissue Engineering
  • Yaru Feng, Xiaoying Feng
  • Silk fibroin is the main component of silk. It has excellent biocompatibility, appropriate mechanical properties and biodegradability. Therefore, Silk fibroin can be used as templates for biomineralization and has great potential in the field of bone tissue engineering. Properties of silk fibroin and its application in the field of bone tissue engineering through biomineralization are introduced vividly through personification writing.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 229-234. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202405036
Chemistry Laboratory
  • Photoredox and Copper Co-Catalyzed Synthesis of α-Methyl-4-Biphenylacetonitrile
  • Bin Zhang, Tiantian Li, Yitian Song, Ying Cheng, Jiarong Chen
  • The synergistic use of photoredox and copper catalysis in free radical reactions has gained extensive application in organic synthesis due to its high yield, mild reaction conditions, excellent functional group compatibility, and environmental friendliness. In alignment with the principles of green and sustainable development, we have efficiently synthesized high-value nitrile compounds from industrial raw materials, such as olefins, commercially available trimethylcyanosilane, and water under mild conditions using visible light irradiation. This comprehensive experiment encompasses a variety of techniques, including anhydrous and anaerobic operations, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), flash column chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Additionally, the experiment is characterized by easily accessible starting materials, mild reaction conditions, and high reproducibility, eliminating the need for complex instrumentation. This ensures that students can enhance their experimental skills, foster their innovative capabilities, and gain exposure to the forefront of organic chemistry. Hence, this experiment holds significant practical and educational value.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 235-243. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404035
  • Reductive Amination Reaction: Preparation of m-Xylylenediamine from Isophthalaldehyde as an Example
  • Leiyang Lv, Guangyin Lu, Yani Luo, Ge Gao, Xiaoyu Yan, Zhaozhong Xu, Lifei Yao, Hongjuan Li, Zhiping Li
  • Reductive amination is a practical method for converting carbonyl compounds to amines. Using this reaction as an example, we introduce a comprehensive organic chemistry experiment designed for senior undergraduates: the reductive amination of isophthalaldehyde with silane to synthesize m-xylylenediamine. In this reaction, tert-butyl carbamate (BocNH2) serves as the nitrogen source, and triethylsilane (Et3SiH) acts as the reducing agent, with trifluoroacetic acid as the catalyst. Isophthalaldehyde undergoes reductive amination to produce Boc-protected m-xylylenediamine, which is subsequently deprotected to yield m-xylylenediamine hydrochloride. The final product, m-xylylenediamine, is obtained by treating the hydrochloride salt with sodium hydroxide. The experimental procedure includes techniques such as extraction, vacuum distillation, drying, recrystallization, and melting point determination, along with analytical methods like thin-layer chromatography (TLC), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This synthetic route is well-suited for laboratory synthesis, providing high yields and easy purification of the product. The experiment enhances students’ skills in organic synthesis and deepens their understanding and application of spectroscopic techniques.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 258-264. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404015
  • Experimental Design for the Electrochemical Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction
  • Jingpei Jia, Youai Qiu
  • Electrochemical organic synthesis represents a crucial frontier in organic chemistry research, offering mild conditions and environmental friendliness. However, it has yet to be widely adopted in undergraduate laboratory teaching. This experiment is designed based on recent research findings to facilitate the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of benzoic acid and 4-fluoroanisole under electrochemical conditions. The experiment includes four main components: product preparation, purification via column chromatography, structural characterization, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. The objective is to enhance students’ comprehensive experimental skills, introduce them to advanced organic chemistry topics, and instill an understanding of green chemistry principles.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 265-272. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404058
  • Comprehensive Experimental Design for Solvent-Controlled Electrochemical Synthesis of Selenium-Containing Pyranone and Chalcone
  • Balati Hasimujiang, Caifeng Hu, Yawen Huang, Mu Chen, Xinwei Hu, Zhixiong Ruan
  • Electrochemical organic synthesis is an environmentally friendly, mild, and efficient methodology that has gained widespread acceptance in oxidation, reduction, and redox reaction systems, showcasing significant potential. This experiment focused on the synthesis of selenium-containing pyranones and chalcones using 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl-2-oxo-1-one and diphenyl diselenide (PhSeSePh) as starting materials, employing a solvent controlled electrochemical strategy to construct C―Se bonds and explore innovative electrochemical synthesis methods for selenium-containing compounds. Drawing on the research achievements of our group, we have designed a comprehensive experiment for the solvent-regulated electrochemical synthesis of these compounds. The experimental framework involves various operational steps, such as substrate preparation, electrochemical synthesis analysis, cyclic voltammetry studies, structural characterization of target products, and crystal cultivation. This hands-on approach enhances students’ practical skills in experimental techniques, silica gel column chromatography separation and purification, and structural analysis. Our experimental design emphasizes green organic synthesis, integrating interdisciplinary knowledge from both organic chemistry and electrochemistry to develop novel synthetic methods for selenium-containing heterocyclic compounds.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 273-283. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404040
  • Exploring the Charm of Hydrogen Bonding: Synthesis and Properties of Sulfonamide AIE Molecule
  • Wenji Guo, Yanqing Zeng, Zijin Lao, Mingtao Wu, Dandan Gao, Qiulian Li, Shiqiong Gong, Fan Luo, Yuefa Gong, Long Wang
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in both chemistry and life science. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a cutting-edge area in organic chemistry and material research. Engaging students in related experimental practices can enhance their innovative capabilities. In this article, a practical experiment was designed. Merging the condensation reaction and the Hinsberg reaction from basic organic chemistry course, we efficiently synthesized a sulfonamide AIE molecule 3 with hydrogen bonding from simple and inexpensive starting materials. The synthesized compound was characterized and its properties were measured.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 284-291. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404070
  • Nanocatalytic Synthesis of p-Methoxycinnamaldehyde Using Anethole as the Raw Material: A Recommended Undergraduate Research Competition Project
  • Shuhui Li, Dan Tan, Yunqi Wu, Haitao Tang, Quanzhou He, Junsong Jia, Yingming Pan
  • In alignment with the national strategy for rejuvenating the country through science and education and strengthening the nation through talent development, Guangxi Normal University has actively implemented the “College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Plan”. This paper presents a case study of an undergraduate team at Guangxi Normal University that independently researched and synthesized a novel porous nanocatalyst. They successfully employed this catalyst in a green and environmentally friendly process to synthesize high-purity p-methoxycinnamaldehyde from the natural plant extract anethole. The team participated in the “Internet Plus” innovation and entrepreneurship competition and the “Challenge Cup” extracurricular academic science and technology works competition. This paper outlines the project preparation, research and development process, and practical outcomes, with the aim of sharing the team’s experiences with other chemistry students to facilitate more efficient completion of research competition projects.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 292-301. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202403111
  • Determining the Room-Temperature Conformation of Glycerol Molecules Using Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Quantum Mechanical Calculations
  • Dong Xie, Xiaocheng Tian, Xia Zhou, Hong Gao, Li Wu, Li Zhang, Panpan Zhou
  • This study integrates experimental measurements and theoretical calculations of glycerol, typically conducted in undergraduate courses. The objective is to help students master the utilization of infrared and Raman spectroscopy along with the computational simulation of theoretical spectra. Infrared and Raman spectra of glycerol were experimentally obtained. Theoretical calculations identified the stable conformations of glycerol molecules, and the spectra for each conformation were subsequently computed. By comparing the experimental spectra with the theoretical predictions, the stable conformation of glycerol at room temperature was determined.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 302-309. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404074
  • Green Production of Potassium Bis (oxalato) cuprate (II) and Control on Morphology
  • Chaojun Wu, Mingcai Yin, Jiaheng Zhang
  • Preparation of potassium bis(oxalato) cuprate(II) is a classical inorganic chemistry experiment that helps students refine essential skills such as weighing, water-bath heating, evaporation-crystallization, and vacuum filtration. However, in the traditional experimental scheme, copper oxide obtained from the pyrolysis of copper hydroxide is used as raw material, which leads to waste of resources, environmental pollution and challenges in controlling the product morphology. This study introduces improvements based on green chemistry. Firstly, previously recovered copper hydroxide was innovatively used as the raw material, enhancing resource utilization. Secondly, simple adjustments to the reaction liquid volume and cooling conditions were employed to conveniently control morphology. Simultaneously, microscope was also introduced to observe the product morphology, enhancing the experiment’s engagement and guiding students in exploring factors affecting morphology. The improved experimental procedure not only boosts resource efficiency and reduces pollution, but also promotes the concept of green synthesis and cultivates students’ scientific research literacy.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 310-316. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404078
Between Teacher and Student
  • Fostering Cultural Confidence through Chemical General Education Course: Ancient Chinese Textile Dyeing with Plant Pigments
  • Zhihong Wang
  • General education plays a vital role in enhancing students’ holistic knowledge framework and cultivating their ability to integrate science with culture. It also serves as a platform for promoting traditional cultural knowledge, inspiring students to strengthen their national cultural confidence. This paper takes the discussion on ancient Chinese textile dyeing techniques with plant pigments from the author’s general education course “Chemistry in Liberal Arts” as an example. It explores the practical wisdom accumulated by ancient Chinese laborers in botanical dyeing and the underlying chemical principles. The paper delves into how to integrate cultural heritage into scientific knowledge within general education, aiming to cultivate students’ scientific and humanistic literacy.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 317-326. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202312101
  • Research on Teaching Practice and Exploration of Ideological and Political Elements in Instrumental Analysis Curriculum
  • Aixiang Wang, Lu Tian, Congcong Mi, Xiaomeng Wang, Guizhen Li, Qiying Xia
  • Professional educators shoulder the fundamental responsibility of moral education. Curriculum ideology and politics is a crucial way to achieve this goal. Instrumental analysis is a foundational course for chemistry and related majors. In this paper, the ideological and political elements of the chapters are deeply embedded in the course, and comprehensive educational framework is constructed, focusing on explaining the way to integrate the ideological and political education into teaching. It closely connects with the historical development of chemistry, cultivates the spirit of inquiry and dedication, and forms correct values and materialistic dialectical views. Additionally, it aligns with the current advancements in domestic and international instrumentation, instills a belief in independent innovation and the strengthening of China through science and technology, concerns food and drug safety, and raises awareness of security and the rule of law. Furthermore, it enhances environmental protection awareness, to supports environmental monitoring and research activities. This approach aims to unify knowledge transmission, skill development, and value orientation.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 327-332. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404039
  • Application of Cutting-Edge Case Studies in Drug Development to Drug Designology: A Focus on the Chapter of Computer-Aided Drug Design
  • Guan Wang, Xin Wang, Wen Shuai, Liang Ouyang
  • Drug designology, an emerging discipline rooted in medicinal chemistry, plays a pivotal role as an interdisciplinary subject in the holistic training of pharmaceutical professionals. Given the extensive scope, wide-ranging knowledge base, complexity, and outdated case studies in the current curriculum, this paper exemplifies the Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) section to introduce an innovative pedagogical approach, with the establishment of cutting-edge case database in new drug development. This approach aims to enhance the engagement, innovation and sophistication in the teaching process of drug designology.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 333-339. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404004
  • Project-based Learning Implementation in Environmental Chemistry: A Case Study in “Water Environmental Chemistry”
  • Cuixia Xu, Fang Qian, Hui Yang, Teng Zhai
  • “Environmental chemistry” is a compulsory course for undergraduates majoring in normal chemistry and applied chemistry at Jiangsu Second Normal University, representing a crucial branch of the chemistry discipline. This study assesses the effectiveness of traditional teaching methods in “Environmental Chemistry” through a questionnaire, identifying key areas for improvement. Focusing on the “Water Environmental Chemistry” chapter, this paper explores the application of project-based learning in classroom teaching practice. The study evaluates the impact of project-based learning on the course through surveys, highlighting its advantages and limitations, and proposes corresponding improvement measures. The findings aim to offer valuable insights for teaching reforms in “Environmental chemistry” and similar courses in higher education.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 340-345. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404055
  • Definition and Decreasing Strategies of Uncertainty in Analytical Chemistry
  • Dongdong Zhang, Honglan Qi, Chengxiao Zhang
  • Measurement uncertainty is defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as a parameter related with the measurement result that characterizes the dispersion reasonably attributed to the measurand. The definition and quantitative representation of measurement uncertainty, however, are rarely discussed in the textbooks for Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis in China. This paper presents the definition and the quantitative expression of measurement uncertainty, and analyzes its intrinsic characteristics and influencing factors, and proposes strategies to decease measurement uncertainty.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 361-368. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202407096
Self Studies
  • Molecular Orbital Theory Description and Computational Study of Ion-Coupled Electron Transfer in Olivine-Type Materials
  • Yu Gao, Xiaoxiao Wang, Yingying Li, Shengli Chen
  • The electronic coupling matrix elements play a crucial role in the ion-coupled electron transfer processes in olivine-type phosphate cathode materials. By combining Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations with molecular orbital theory, this study reveals a positive correlation between the magnitude of the electronic coupling matrix elements and the electron density distribution near the Fermi level of the transition metal centers in olivine-type cathode materials. Furthermore, the study establishes a quantitative relationship between the electronic structure of the metal centers and the Li+ diffusion coefficients. These findings provide new theoretical insights for the development of high-performance lithium-ion battery cathode materials by optimizing the electronic coupling in host materials.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 369-377. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404054
Future Chemist
  • Design and Implementation of a Solution Concentration Monitoring Device Based on OpenCV
  • Haoran Qi, Mingqing Lei, Shuchang Guo, Ziqi Jiang, Yikai Zhang, Ziyan Shen
  • Solution concentration detection plays a crucial role in research, education, and industrial applications. To address the complexity, time consumption, and high costs associated with traditional methods, this study introduces a color-based solution concentration detection method. The method employs a simplified device to capture solution color, mitigates the effects of ambient light, and utilizes a system for solution color image recognition based on the Lambert-Beer law and image colorimetry. Using OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision Library), images of solutions with varying concentrations are processed to establish a regression model correlating HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) color features with solution concentrations, enabling accurate measurement. Experimental results demonstrate strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.99) between HSV values and concentrations, particularly with copper sulfate solutions ranging from 0 to 50 mg∙mL-1. This method offers a novel solution for quality control in industrial production and enhances educational experiments. Furthermore, the adaptable design of the detection device facilitates measurement of additional solution parameters, including pH, expanding its utility in diverse applications.
  • 2024, 39 (12): 378-384. DOI: 10.12461/PKU.DXHX202404036
Chemical Olympiad Competition